Sanamed

RIBONUCLEIC ACID ISOLATION FROM HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELL CULTURE WITH MAGNETIC BEADS PRE-ENRICHMENT FOR MOLECULAR ANALYSIS

Sudhir Bhatia — 2024-05-24

Introduction: In order to develop immunotherapies and therapeutic humoral molecules, ribonucleic acid (RNA) from cultured mononuclear cells (MNCs) is needed. However, it is not possible to isolate RNA using the standard mini column method from older MNC cultures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a method to isolate RNA from MNC cultures, particularly older ones.

Materials and Methods: MNC cultures were grown from human buffy coats. The media from the cell culture was centrifuged to generate a pellet, to which CD45-specific magnetic beads were added. RNA was then isolated using the mini column method. The housekeeping gene beta-actin was used to confirm the success of RNA isolation through both real-time and conventional PCR tests.

Results: RNA was successfully isolated from MNC cultures, especially those that were a few months old, after pre-enrichment with magnetic beads. Without the magnetic bead pre-enrichment step, RNA isolation was not achieved. The results of the housekeeping gene tests indicated successful RNA isolation in all cases through both real-time and conventional PCR. Additionally, spectrophotometric values of the isolated RNA confirmed successful isolation.

Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate that it is possible to isolate RNA from human MNC cultures, particularly older ones, using specific magnetic beads. This method opens new opportunities for conducting genetic analyses, biomarker confirmation, and the development of antibodies.

PREVALENCE, PATTERN, AND RISK FACTORS FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE AMONG WOMEN IN A LOW-RESOURCE SETTING

Bolanle Okesina — 2024-10-14

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common but under-reported condition among women in low-resource settings. The prevalence and pattern of UI, as well as associated risk factors must be examined to inform appropriate health interventions. This study investigated the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors for UI among women in a low-resource setting.

Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 women ≥ 15 years old in Ilorin South Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and health-related data on UI The prevalence of UI was determined using the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Urgency Frequency Scale (ICIQ-UFS). Analysis was done using SPSS version 20.

Results: The mean age of the respondents was 47.9 (±4.5), and 200 (50.0%) were grand-multipara. The prevalence of UI among women in our study setting was 52.7%. The most common pattern of UI was stress incontinence at 140 (67%), followed by mixed incontinence at 45(21%) and urge incontinence at 26 (12%). Age (p<0.001), parity (p= 0.006), and BMI (p<0.001) were significantly associated with UI.

Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that UI is highly prevalent among our study population and that age, parity, and BMI are associated with the occurrence of UI. There is a need for interventions that focus on preventing and managing UI among women in low-resource settings.

ABH SECRETOR STATUS AMONG THE UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR UNDERGRADUATES, NIGERIA

Joyce Etura — 2024-10-21

Introduction: Secretor status is a critical component of human biology that depends on specific glycoproteins in body fluids and secretions. Its importance lies in its significant impact on health and disease, making it a compelling subject for medical research. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and understanding of secretor status among undergraduates at the University of Calabar, Nigeria. The findings could revolutionize our understanding of secretor status and open new research opportunities.

Materials and Methods: The study used across-sectional approach, analyzing blood samples from 100 undergraduate students using the adsorption-inhibition method. Most participants were single (94.0%), and the majority were 100-level students (51.0%). 48 students were in the 21 to 28-year range, while 6.0% were 30 or older.

Results: The findings of this study are significant, revealing that a substantial proportion of the participants were secretors, 82(82.0%), while 18(18.0%) were non-secretors.Interestingly, most participants (83.0%) were unaware of their secretor status, indicating a potential knowledge gap. Blood group O had the highest number of secretors, 58(96.7%), followed by blood group A 11 (55.0%), blood group B 7(63.6%), and the minor blood group AB 6(66.7%). The most prevalent ethnic group was found among the Efiks (18.1%) followed by Yakurr (16.6%) and the least the Ijaws (3.8%).

Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of public education and awareness regarding secretor status and its impact on health and disease

MANAGING PNEUMOPERICARDIUM IN ADVANCED LUNG CANCER: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Batoul Chaaban — 2024-10-05

Introduction: Pneumopericardium, though rare, can lead to severe complications such as cardiac tamponade, particularly in patients with malignancies. This case-based review examines the incidence, management, and outcomes of pneumopericardium in a patient with advanced lung cancer.

Case Report: We present a comprehensive literature review and a detailed analysis of a 57-year-old male with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, who developed pneumopericardium. The patient's clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies were documented and compared with similar cases. He presented with cough and dyspnea, and imaging revealed pneumopericardium, likely due to tumor invasion into the pericardial space. Management involved conservative measures, including antibiotics and close monitoring. A literature review revealed that management strategies for pneumopericardium vary based on hemodynamic stability, ranging from conservative treatments to invasive procedures. Recurrence is common, and survival times post-diagnosis are highly variable.

Conclusion: Pneumopericardium in cancer patients requires a tailored management approach, with a multidisciplinary team essential for optimizing patient outcomes. This case underscores the need for heightened awareness and prompt, individualized treatment plans for managing such complex conditions.

SCHWANNOMA OF SCAPULA: CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Stefan Stevanović — 2024-10-09

Introduction: Schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve tumors, more often localized in soft tissues than bones. Out of about 200 recorded cases of schwannoma of bone, only three cases of schwannoma of scapula have been described to date.

Case report: We present the case of a 73-year-old female patient with an asymptomatic schwannoma of the scapula. Physical examination revealed a solid, fixed, well-defined walnut-size tumefaction in the right scapula area. CT of the chest confirmed a 2.33 x 0.96 cm diameter tumor at the junction of the upper-third and middle-third of the medial border of the right scapula. After discussion with the patient, it was decided to proceed with surgical removal of the tumor. The surgery involved partial resection of the tumor-affected part of the scapula. Histopathological examination confirmed it was a schwannoma of bone. No clinical or radiological signs of disease recurrence were observed during the one-year follow-up.

Conclusion: Schwannomas of bone are rare, slow-growing tumors. A definitive diagnosis is made based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. The main treatment modalities include curettage or “en bloc” resection. Recurrence is rare.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF COMPLICATED DUCTUS CHOLEDOCHUS HYDATIDOSIS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: EFFECTIVENESS AND LIMITATIONS OF RADIOLOGICAL SERVICES AND SURGERY IN EXTRAORDINARY CONDITIONS

Krstina S Doklestić — 2024-10-14

Introduction: While uncomplicated echinococcal cysts can grow in the liver for years without symptoms, complicated hydatid cysts (CHC) present distinct clinical characteristics that necessitate urgent treatment.

Case Report: We present a case of acute biliary obstruction, cholangitis, and sepsis due to massive choledocho-hydatididosis in an 84-year-old COVID-positive patient during the COVID-19 pandemic. Imaging revealed a multicystic lesion in liver segments V and VIII that compressed surrounding liver tissue, leading to intrahepatic duct dilation. A daughter cyst in the ductus choledochus was confirmed during surgery. An attempt at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was unsuccessful. We performed an open pericystectomy with total cystectomy and choledochotomy, carefully evacuating all hydatid cysts. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged without surgical complications.

Conclusion: Complicated hydatid cysts (CHC) leading to acute biliary obstruction require prompt diagnosis and indicate the need for rapid evacuation of the cyst and correction of complications.

OVOMUCOID (THE MOST IMPORTANT EGG WHITE ALLERGEN) AS A CAUSE OF SEVERE EGG ALLERGY:A REVIEW

Taha Ahmed — 2024-10-05

Hypersensitivity, or an allergy to highly valuable chicken egg proteins, is a prevalent symptomatic condition. It occurs when the immune system of a hypersensitive or allergic individual overreacts upon contact with egg allergens (egg proteins), triggering a complex immune response. Among these allergens, ovomucoid is the most allergenic, making up 11% of egg white. Ovomucoid is both thermostable and resistant to digestion, distinguishing it from other egg white proteins. While ovalbumin is the most abundant protein in egg white, ovomucoid is responsible for the majority of its allergic properties. Humans generally lack tolerance to both raw and cooked eggs due to the presence of this allergenic protein.

Given the significance of ovomucoid in egg allergy, it has a direct impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. A better understanding of the role of various drug classes is essential for managing and treating egg allergy. Additionally, insights into embryogenesis may be critical in understanding the efficacy of these treatments in alleviating egg allergies. This knowledge could not only benefit individuals with egg allergies but also the egg production industry and society as a whole. Maintaining good health is one of the most crucial factors in serving our community, and addressing egg allergy is an important part of that.

ANALYSIS OF TP53, APC, KRAS, AND MMR GENETIC MUTATIONS IN COLORECTAL CANCER: A REVIEW ARTICLE

Igor Gavrić — 2024-10-21

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies with significant global health and economic implications. Genetic mutations in genes such as TP53, APC, KRAS, and MMR play a crucial role in the development and progression of this cancer. This review paper analyzes current knowledge about the impact of these mutations on colorectal carcinogenesis, using available literature.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of the role of genetic mutations in TP53, APC, KRAS, and MMR genes in the development of colorectal cancer and to consider their impact on diagnosis and treatment.

Materials and Methods: This review examines peer-reviewed research articles and reports sourced from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and other academic sources. The focus was on studies investigating genetic mutations, their prevalence, and their role in the pathogenesis of CRC.

Results: Mutations in the TP53 gene, present in more than 50% of CRC cases, are critical for malignant cell transformations. KRAS mutations, found in about 50% of cases, lead to abnormal signaling contributing to unchecked proliferation. APC mutations are associated with hereditary predisposition to CRC, while MMR genes, such as MLH1 and MSH2, play a key role in DNA repair and are linked to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
Conclusion: Genetic mutations in TP53, APC, KRAS, and MMR genes play a significant role in the development of colorectal cancer. A deeper understanding of these mutations may significantly enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, guiding future research in this rapidly evolving field.

CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CAUSED BY ADOLESCENT EATING DISORDERS

Ranka Konatar — 2024-10-21

Decreased satisfaction with physical appearance during adolescence is significantly linked to reduced self-esteem and an increased prevalence of obesity and other chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A major issue in today’s world is the influence of media, which serves as the primary channel through which ideals of physical appearance and attractiveness are transmitted. According to a 2015 study, adolescents spend an average of 17 hours per week watching television. Scientific evidence indicates that an active lifestyle provides health benefits and prevents the occurrence of numerous chronic non-communicable diseases, while improper diet and physical inactivity among adolescents contribute to the development of these diseases. Improper nutrition during adolescence can be a significant risk factor for the development of NCDs. These diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain forms of cancer, often have complex causes, but dietary habits can be identified as a common risk factor. Excessive intake of saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and a high consumption of processed foods are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Improper dietary habits can also contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes and increase cancer risk. Adopting a balanced and nutritionally rich diet, along with regular physical activity, can help prevent and manage these conditions. This review paper is based on a search of the scientific literature published in the last ten years, with a special focus on original research articles published in the last five years from the scientific databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and SCI index.

CARVEDILOL: A BETA BLOCKER OF CHOICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH REYNAUD'S PHENOMENON AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Milovan M Stojanović — 2024-10-09

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