Sanamed

RIBONUCLEIC ACID ISOLATION FROM HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELL CULTURE WITH MAGNETIC BEADS PRE-ENRICHMENT FOR MOLECULAR ANALYSIS

Sudhir Bhatia — Fri, 24 May 2024 11:11:00 +0200

Introduction: In order to develop immunotherapies and therapeutic humoral molecules, ribonucleic acid (RNA) from cultured mononuclear cells (MNCs) is needed. However, it is not possible to isolate RNA using the standard mini column method from older MNC cultures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a method to isolate RNA from MNC cultures, particularly older ones.

Materials and Methods: MNC cultures were grown from human buffy coats. The media from the cell culture was centrifuged to generate a pellet, to which CD45-specific magnetic beads were added. RNA was then isolated using the mini column method. The housekeeping gene beta-actin was used to confirm the success of RNA isolation through both real-time and conventional PCR tests.

Results: RNA was successfully isolated from MNC cultures, especially those that were a few months old, after pre-enrichment with magnetic beads. Without the magnetic bead pre-enrichment step, RNA isolation was not achieved. The results of the housekeeping gene tests indicated successful RNA isolation in all cases through both real-time and conventional PCR. Additionally, spectrophotometric values of the isolated RNA confirmed successful isolation.

Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate that it is possible to isolate RNA from human MNC cultures, particularly older ones, using specific magnetic beads. This method opens new opportunities for conducting genetic analyses, biomarker confirmation, and the development of antibodies.

PREVALENCE, PATTERN, AND RISK FACTORS FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE AMONG WOMEN IN A LOW-RESOURCE SETTING

Mon, 14 Oct 2024 15:50:05 +0200

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common but under-reported condition among women in low-resource settings. The prevalence and pattern of UI, as well as associated risk factors must be examined to inform appropriate health interventions. This study investigated the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors for UI among women in a low-resource setting.

Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 women ≥ 15 years old in Ilorin South Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and health-related data on UI The prevalence of UI was determined using the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Urgency Frequency Scale (ICIQ-UFS). Analysis was done using SPSS version 20.

Results: The mean age of the respondents was 47.9 (±4.5), and 200 (50.0%) were grand-multipara. The prevalence of UI among women in our study setting was 52.7%. The most common pattern of UI was stress incontinence at 140 (67%), followed by mixed incontinence at 45(21%) and urge incontinence at 26 (12%). Age (p<0.001), parity (p= 0.006), and BMI (p<0.001) were significantly associated with UI.

Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that UI is highly prevalent among our study population and that age, parity, and BMI are associated with the occurrence of UI. There is a need for interventions that focus on preventing and managing UI among women in low-resource settings.

ABH SECRETOR STATUS AMONG THE UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR UNDERGRADUATES, NIGERIA

Joyce Etura, John Abam, Uwem Akpan, Zaccheaus Jeremiah — Mon, 21 Oct 2024 17:50:42 +0200

Introduction: Secretor status is a critical component of human biology that depends on specific glycoproteins in body fluids and secretions. Its importance lies in its significant impact on health and disease, making it a compelling subject for medical research. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and understanding of secretor status among undergraduates at the University of Calabar, Nigeria. The findings could revolutionize our understanding of secretor status and open new research opportunities.

Materials and Methods: The study used across-sectional approach, analyzing blood samples from 100 undergraduate students using the adsorption-inhibition method. Most participants were single (94.0%), and the majority were 100-level students (51.0%). 48 students were in the 21 to 28-year range, while 6.0% were 30 or older.

Results: The findings of this study are significant, revealing that a substantial proportion of the participants were secretors, 82(82.0%), while 18(18.0%) were non-secretors.Interestingly, most participants (83.0%) were unaware of their secretor status, indicating a potential knowledge gap. Blood group O had the highest number of secretors, 58(96.7%), followed by blood group A 11 (55.0%), blood group B 7(63.6%), and the minor blood group AB 6(66.7%). The most prevalent ethnic group was found among the Efiks (18.1%) followed by Yakurr (16.6%) and the least the Ijaws (3.8%).

Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of public education and awareness regarding secretor status and its impact on health and disease

PERINATAL PREDICTORS OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES IN HIGH-RISK NEONATES

Zlata Hajric, Devleta Hadzic, Fahrija Skokic — Thu, 12 Dec 2024 10:35:49 +0100

Background: Thanks to advancements in neonatal medicine, perinatal morbidity has been significantly reduced, but the number of high-risk neonates continues to rise. Efforts to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes at an early age remain limited. The aim of this study was to analyze perinatal predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes in high-risk neonates.

Methods: A prospective, longitudinal two-year study was conducted at the Pediatric Clinic of the University Clinical Center in Tuzla. The study included 151 neonates, with 99 in the test group (with known perinatal risk factors) and 52 in the control group (without risk factors). Early neurodevelopment was assessed using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Standard statistical methods were applied for data processing. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee.

Results: Of the 151 neonates observed, 108 (71.5%) had normal neurodevelopment at 18 months, 29 (19.2%) had mild disorders, and 14 (9.3%) had developmental delays. In the group with suboptimal neurodevelopment, significantly more twin pregnancies, health problems during pregnancy, unnatural births, artificial fertilization, and pregnancy complications were recorded. In neonates, there were significantly more premature births, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and intracranial hemorrhages. Significant correlations were found between the mother’s age and parity and delayed neurodevelopment. Additionally, correlations were found between birth weight, gestational age, Apgar score, length of hospitalization, and NICU stay with neurodevelopmental delay. Gestational age and the Apgar score at 1 minute showed significant negative predictive value for neurodevelopmental delay.

Conclusion: Prematurity and perinatal asphyxia remain the greatest risks for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates. These factors should be the focus of continued medical research and clinical practice. Neonates at the highest risk of developmental delay and their families should be prioritized for early identification, long-term follow-up, and timely interventions.

HEADLESS COMPRESSION SCREW FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SCAPHOID FRACTURES

Thu, 12 Dec 2024 10:36:35 +0100

Introduction: Scaphoid bone fractures are common and present unique challenges due to the bone's specific fracture patterns and vascular supply. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of acute scaphoid fractures are crucial to prevent nonunion and subsequent wrist arthritis. While non-displaced fractures can often be managed conservatively, advancements in diagnostics, surgical techniques, and implant materials have driven an increasing preference for early surgical fixation.

Patients and Methods: Over a 12-month period, 10 male patients with scaphoid fractures underwent surgical treatment at the University Clinic of Traumatology in Skopje, from January 2022 to March 2024. The patients’ mean age was 27.3 years. Diagnosis was confirmed using CT scans and X-rays, with four fractures affecting the left hand and six the right. All patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation using a headless compression screw. A volar approach was used in nine cases, and a dorsal approach in one.

Six patients were treated surgically within 4–14 days post-injury, while four were treated for nonunion after previous conservative management. Among these four, two presented at three months and two at seven months post-injury. The latter group required spongyoplasty and osteosynthesis due to scaphoid deformity, resorption, and bone loss.

Results: Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-surgery. Physical therapy commenced four weeks after surgery, and radiographic monitoring continued until fracture healing was confirmed. No cases of wrist osteoarthritis were observed during the follow-up period.

Conclusion: Although this study represents a small series, it highlights the importance of individualized clinical decision-making for scaphoid fractures. Early surgical intervention can enhance comfort, facilitate quicker return to daily activities, and reduce immobilization duration.

MANAGING PNEUMOPERICARDIUM IN ADVANCED LUNG CANCER: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Batoul Chaaban, Souraya Arabi, Hassan Bitar, Douaa Abou Hamdan — Sat, 05 Oct 2024 21:41:15 +0200

Introduction: Pneumopericardium, though rare, can lead to severe complications such as cardiac tamponade, particularly in patients with malignancies. This case-based review examines the incidence, management, and outcomes of pneumopericardium in a patient with advanced lung cancer.

Case Report: We present a comprehensive literature review and a detailed analysis of a 57-year-old male with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, who developed pneumopericardium. The patient's clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies were documented and compared with similar cases. He presented with cough and dyspnea, and imaging revealed pneumopericardium, likely due to tumor invasion into the pericardial space. Management involved conservative measures, including antibiotics and close monitoring. A literature review revealed that management strategies for pneumopericardium vary based on hemodynamic stability, ranging from conservative treatments to invasive procedures. Recurrence is common, and survival times post-diagnosis are highly variable.

Conclusion: Pneumopericardium in cancer patients requires a tailored management approach, with a multidisciplinary team essential for optimizing patient outcomes. This case underscores the need for heightened awareness and prompt, individualized treatment plans for managing such complex conditions.

SCHWANNOMA OF SCAPULA: CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Wed, 09 Oct 2024 14:05:38 +0200

Introduction: Schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve tumors, more often localized in soft tissues than bones. Out of about 200 recorded cases of schwannoma of bone, only three cases of schwannoma of scapula have been described to date.

Case report: We present the case of a 73-year-old female patient with an asymptomatic schwannoma of the scapula. Physical examination revealed a solid, fixed, well-defined walnut-size tumefaction in the right scapula area. CT of the chest confirmed a 2.33 x 0.96 cm diameter tumor at the junction of the upper-third and middle-third of the medial border of the right scapula. After discussion with the patient, it was decided to proceed with surgical removal of the tumor. The surgery involved partial resection of the tumor-affected part of the scapula. Histopathological examination confirmed it was a schwannoma of bone. No clinical or radiological signs of disease recurrence were observed during the one-year follow-up.

Conclusion: Schwannomas of bone are rare, slow-growing tumors. A definitive diagnosis is made based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. The main treatment modalities include curettage or “en bloc” resection. Recurrence is rare.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF COMPLICATED DUCTUS CHOLEDOCHUS HYDATIDOSIS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: EFFECTIVENESS AND LIMITATIONS OF RADIOLOGICAL SERVICES AND SURGERY IN EXTRAORDINARY CONDITIONS

Mon, 14 Oct 2024 15:49:10 +0200

Introduction: While uncomplicated echinococcal cysts can grow in the liver for years without symptoms, complicated hydatid cysts (CHC) present distinct clinical characteristics that necessitate urgent treatment.

Case Report: We present a case of acute biliary obstruction, cholangitis, and sepsis due to massive choledocho-hydatididosis in an 84-year-old COVID-positive patient during the COVID-19 pandemic. Imaging revealed a multicystic lesion in liver segments V and VIII that compressed surrounding liver tissue, leading to intrahepatic duct dilation. A daughter cyst in the ductus choledochus was confirmed during surgery. An attempt at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was unsuccessful. We performed an open pericystectomy with total cystectomy and choledochotomy, carefully evacuating all hydatid cysts. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged without surgical complications.

Conclusion: Complicated hydatid cysts (CHC) leading to acute biliary obstruction require prompt diagnosis and indicate the need for rapid evacuation of the cyst and correction of complications.

OVOMUCOID (THE MOST IMPORTANT EGG WHITE ALLERGEN) AS A CAUSE OF SEVERE EGG ALLERGY:A REVIEW

Taha Ahmed, Hafsa Ayaz , Dua Nisar, Areeba Moin — Sat, 05 Oct 2024 21:40:21 +0200

Hypersensitivity, or an allergy to highly valuable chicken egg proteins, is a prevalent symptomatic condition. It occurs when the immune system of a hypersensitive or allergic individual overreacts upon contact with egg allergens (egg proteins), triggering a complex immune response. Among these allergens, ovomucoid is the most allergenic, making up 11% of egg white. Ovomucoid is both thermostable and resistant to digestion, distinguishing it from other egg white proteins. While ovalbumin is the most abundant protein in egg white, ovomucoid is responsible for the majority of its allergic properties. Humans generally lack tolerance to both raw and cooked eggs due to the presence of this allergenic protein.

Given the significance of ovomucoid in egg allergy, it has a direct impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. A better understanding of the role of various drug classes is essential for managing and treating egg allergy. Additionally, insights into embryogenesis may be critical in understanding the efficacy of these treatments in alleviating egg allergies. This knowledge could not only benefit individuals with egg allergies but also the egg production industry and society as a whole. Maintaining good health is one of the most crucial factors in serving our community, and addressing egg allergy is an important part of that.

ANALYSIS OF TP53, APC, KRAS, AND MMR GENETIC MUTATIONS IN COLORECTAL CANCER: A REVIEW ARTICLE

Mon, 21 Oct 2024 17:48:56 +0200

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies with significant global health and economic implications. Genetic mutations in genes such as TP53, APC, KRAS, and MMR play a crucial role in the development and progression of this cancer. This review paper analyzes current knowledge about the impact of these mutations on colorectal carcinogenesis, using available literature.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of the role of genetic mutations in TP53, APC, KRAS, and MMR genes in the development of colorectal cancer and to consider their impact on diagnosis and treatment.

Materials and Methods: This review examines peer-reviewed research articles and reports sourced from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and other academic sources. The focus was on studies investigating genetic mutations, their prevalence, and their role in the pathogenesis of CRC.

Results: Mutations in the TP53 gene, present in more than 50% of CRC cases, are critical for malignant cell transformations. KRAS mutations, found in about 50% of cases, lead to abnormal signaling contributing to unchecked proliferation. APC mutations are associated with hereditary predisposition to CRC, while MMR genes, such as MLH1 and MSH2, play a key role in DNA repair and are linked to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
Conclusion: Genetic mutations in TP53, APC, KRAS, and MMR genes play a significant role in the development of colorectal cancer. A deeper understanding of these mutations may significantly enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, guiding future research in this rapidly evolving field.

CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CAUSED BY ADOLESCENT EATING DISORDERS

Ranka Konatar, Damir Pelicic, Borko Maras, Kenan Music — Mon, 21 Oct 2024 17:49:56 +0200

Decreased satisfaction with physical appearance during adolescence is significantly linked to reduced self-esteem and an increased prevalence of obesity and other chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A major issue in today’s world is the influence of media, which serves as the primary channel through which ideals of physical appearance and attractiveness are transmitted. According to a 2015 study, adolescents spend an average of 17 hours per week watching television. Scientific evidence indicates that an active lifestyle provides health benefits and prevents the occurrence of numerous chronic non-communicable diseases, while improper diet and physical inactivity among adolescents contribute to the development of these diseases. Improper nutrition during adolescence can be a significant risk factor for the development of NCDs. These diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain forms of cancer, often have complex causes, but dietary habits can be identified as a common risk factor. Excessive intake of saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and a high consumption of processed foods are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Improper dietary habits can also contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes and increase cancer risk. Adopting a balanced and nutritionally rich diet, along with regular physical activity, can help prevent and manage these conditions. This review paper is based on a search of the scientific literature published in the last ten years, with a special focus on original research articles published in the last five years from the scientific databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and SCI index.

CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF DUAL VACCINATION WITH PNEUMOCOCCAL PV23 AND INFLUENZA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Sat, 23 Nov 2024 17:53:06 +0100

The pneumococcal vaccine may reduce cardiovascular events. This systematic review examines the impact of PV23 and seasonal influenza vaccination on major cardiovascular outcomes compared to unvaccinated populations. We systematically reviewed clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies published between 2000 and 2019 evaluating cardiovascular outcomes in adults vaccinated with PV23 and seasonal flu vaccines versus unvaccinated adults. Nineteen articles encompassing 617,411 patients were included. PV23 vaccination alone was not significantly associated with reduced acute myocardial infarction risk (RR 1.21 [95% CI: 1.18–1.23]). Dual vaccination showed a protective effect against stroke (RR 0.52 [95% CI: 0.45–0.61]) and significantly improved heart failure outcomes (RR 0.26 [95% CI: 0.22–0.31]). PV23 and dual vaccination also decreased episodes of acute heart failure decompensation and stroke development.

MINIMALLY INVASIVE BIPOLAR FIXATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS-MILADI’s TECHNIQUE

Helton Luiz Aparecido Defino, Matheus P Defino , Thiago Dorigão — Mon, 16 Dec 2024 15:14:14 +0100

This paper presents the minimally invasive bipolar technique, also known as Miladi’s technique, for the treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis. This approach involves bipolar spinal fixation extending from T1 to the pelvis. Proximal fixation is achieved using laminar and pedicular hooks configured as claws, while distal fixation employs iliosacral connectors and screws. The proximal and distal anchors are connected by a bilateral double-rod sliding construct, allowing for correction of spinal curvature and pelvic obliquity. This technique demonstrates reduced morbidity and complication rates compared to traditional methods.

CARVEDILOL: A BETA BLOCKER OF CHOICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH REYNAUD'S PHENOMENON AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Milovan M Stojanović, Jovan Nedovic, Stevan Ilić — Wed, 09 Oct 2024 14:04:57 +0200

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