Унапређење примене LEAN методологије у производним малим и средњим предузећима у Србији: емпиријски увиди и стратешки оквир за имплементацију
Sažetak
Са порастом конкурентности производних индустрија на глобалном нивоу, примена Lean методологије постаје неопходна ради унапређења пословних процеса и очувања тржишне позиције. Међутим, мала и средња предузећа (МСП) суочавају се са значајним изазовима у потпуној имплементацији Lean концепта услед ограничених ресурса и организационе инертности. Ово истраживање пружа емпиријску анализу нивоа примене Lean принципа у производним МСП у Републици Србији. Спроведено је структурисано анкетно истраживање у којем су учествовала 54 производна МСП, са циљем утврђивања степена усвајања Lean концепта, идентификације кључних препрека у процесу имплементације, као и испитивања утицаја фактора као што су величина предузећа, постојање система менаџмента квалитетом и диверзификација производног програма. За квалитативну анализу примењени су Ман-Витнијев U тест, Краскал-Валисов тест, χ² тест и бинарна логистичка регресија. Резултати указују на постојање снажне повезаности између сертификације ISO 9001 и имплементације Lean концепта. Већа предузећа показују већу вероватноћу усвајања Lean методологије у односу на мања предузећа. У раду је предложен прилагођени модел Планирај-Уради-Провери-Делуј (енг. Plan-Do-Check-Act – (PDCA)) намењен МСП у Србији, који представља систематски приступ превазилажењу препрека у имплементацији. Будућа истраживања требало би усмерити ка проширењу анализе на регион Западног Балкана и компаративном сагледавању резултата, у циљу подршке развоју индустријских политика заснованих на доказима.
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