COVID-19 MORTALITY IN BELGRADE
Abstract
Summary
The most valid data on Kovid-19 are data on mortality, because they show how many precious lives it took, that is, how much this disease has taken hold in one country. This data is valuable for analysis and comparison and can inform health care decision makers. This paper presents the basic characteristics of mortality from Kovid-19 in Belgrade in 2020. It was noticed that the Kovid-19 pandemic took 0.2% of people, and the majority of deaths were made up of a male contingent of residents. The results indicate a significant premature mortality that could have been avoided, as many studies have so far shown benefits from the application of protection, prevention and disease control measures. It remains to be determined in other studies how many years of life were lost due to premature mortality in connection with the Kovid-19 pandemic in Belgrade. This research provides evidence that can enrich the discussion and conclusions about the losses due to the Kovid-19 pandemic at the international level.
Key words: mortality rates, Kovid-19, causes of death, Serbia
References
Литература
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27. Maria N, Rapicavoli RV, Alaimo S, Bischof E, Stasuzzo A, Broek J, Pulvirenti A, Mishra B, Duits A, Ferro A. Rapid Identification of Druggable Targets and the Power of the PHENotype SIMulator for Effective Drug Repurposing in COVID-19. Res Sq. 2021 Apr 14:rs.3.rs-287183. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-287183/v1. Preprint
1. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID19 - March 2020. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 приступљено: 09.08.2021.
2. Kupferschmidt K, Cohen J. Will novel virus go pandemic or be contained? Science. 2020 Feb 7;367(6478):610-611. doi: 10.1126/science.367.6478.610.
3. Linton NM, Kobayashi T, Yang Y, et al. Incubation period and other epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infections with right truncation: a statistical analysis of publicly available case data. J. Clin. Med. 2020;9(2):538. doi:10.3390/jcm9020538.
4. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China [published correction appears in Lancet. 2020 Jan 30;]. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
5. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1199-207.doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.
6. Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020;95:514–523. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9.
7. Међународне смернице за потврђивање и класификацију ( шифрирање) Ковид-19 као узрока смрти. доступно на: https://www.batut.org.rs/download/Uputstvo_Uzrok_Smrti_COVID-19%20SZO.pdf приступљено: 09.08.2021.
8. Републички завод за статистику Србије, витални догађаји. https://www.stat.gov.rs/oblasti/stanovnistvo/rodjeni-i-umrli/ приступљено: 09.08.2021.
9. Woolf SH, Chapman DA, Lee JH. COVID-19 as the leading cause of death in the United States. JAMA2021;325:123-4.
10. Soneji, S., Beltrán-Sánchez, H., Yang, J.W. et al. Population-level mortality burden from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Europe and North America. Genus 77, 7 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-021-00115-9.
11. WHO. The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death. приступљено: 09.08.2021.
12. Yi-Hsuan Chen , Chi-Tai Fang, Yu-Ling Huang. Effect of Non-lockdown Social Distancing and Testing-Contact Tracing During a COVID-19 Outbreak in Daegu, South Korea, February to April 2020: A Modeling Study, International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.058,
13. Adam K. Second wave of Covid-19 in Europe leads to new restrictions but no national lockdowns. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/covid-europe-second-wave/2020/10/12/8aacfadc-0c66-11eb-b404-8d1e675ec701_story.html. Published October 12, 2020. приступљено: 09.08.2021.
14. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Estimation of the excess mortality due to COVID-19. Publication date: May 13, 2021. http://www.healthdata.org/node/8660.
15. Wright A, Salazar A, Mirica M, Volk LA, Schiff GD. The invisible epidemic: neglected chronic disease management during COVID-19. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35(9):2816-2817. doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06025-4
16. Bennhold K. A German exception? Why the country’s coronavirus death rate is low. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/04/world/europe/germany-coronavirus-death-rate.html. Published April 4, 2020. приступљено: 09.08.2021.
17. Beaumont P. Coronavirus testing: How some countries got ahead of the rest. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/02/coronavirus-testing-how-some-countries-germany-south-korea-got-ahead-of-the-rest. Published April 2, 2020.
18. Barone E. Why some people are waiting weeks for their COVID-19 test results. Time. Published October 12, 2020. https://time.com/5878732/covid-19-testing-delays/. приступљено: 09.08.2021.
19. Ruiz JM, Steffen P, Smith TB. Hispanic mortality paradox: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the longitudinal literature. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(3):e52-e60. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301103
20. Abraído-Lanza AF, Dohrenwend BP, Ng-Mak DS, Turner JB. The Latino mortality paradox: a test of the “salmon bias” and healthy migrant hypotheses. Am J Public Health. 1999;89(10):1543-1548. doi:10.2105/AJPH.89.10.1543.
21. Wyper, G.M.A., Assunção, R., Cuschieri, S. et al. Population vulnerability to COVID-19 in Europe: a burden of disease analysis. Arch Public Health 78, 47 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020-00433-y
22. Gémes K, Talbäck M, Modig K, Ahlbom A, Berglund A, Feychting M, Matthews AA. Burden and prevalence of prognostic factors for severe COVID-19 in Sweden. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020 May;35(5):401-409. doi: 10.1007/s10654-020-00646-z.
23. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Prevention and control of COVID-19. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/all-topics-z/coronavirus/threats-and-outbreaks/covid-19/prevention-and-control-covid-19; Covid-19 prevention Network, https://www.coronaviruspreventionnetwork.org/, dostupno 7 Avgust 2021
24. Doroshenko A. The Combined Effect of Vaccination and Nonpharmaceutical Public Health Interventions—Ending the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(6):e2111675. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11675.
25. Mishra D, Maurya RR, Kumar K, Munjal NS, Bahadur V, Sharma S, Singh P, Bahadur I Structurally modified compounds of hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir and tetrahydrocannabinol against main protease of SARS-CoV-2, a possible hope for COVID-19: Docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies..J Mol Liq. 2021 Aug 1;335:116185. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116185.
26. Brooks JT, Butler JC. Effectiveness of mask wearing to control community spread of SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2021;325(10):998-999. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.1505
27. Maria N, Rapicavoli RV, Alaimo S, Bischof E, Stasuzzo A, Broek J, Pulvirenti A, Mishra B, Duits A, Ferro A. Rapid Identification of Druggable Targets and the Power of the PHENotype SIMulator for Effective Drug Repurposing in COVID-19. Res Sq. 2021 Apr 14:rs.3.rs-287183. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-287183/v1. Preprint
Published
2021/10/06
Section
Original articles