ŠKOLSKE INTERVENCIJE FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI: EFEKTI NA MOTORIČKU KOMPETENCIJU I ZDRAVSTVENO RELEVANTNE ISHODE KOD DECE – SCOPING REVIEW
Sažetak
Nedovoljna fizička aktivnost i opadajući nivo motoričke kompetencije kod dece predstavljaju značajan javnozdravstveni problem. Shodno tome, cilj ovog scoping pregleda je da mapira i sintetiše postojeće dokaze o uticaju školskih intervencija u oblasti fizičke aktivnosti i fizičkog vaspitanja na motoričku kompetenciju dece, uz razmatranje njihove potencijalne uloge u okviru javnozdravstvenog pristupa. Ovaj scoping review sproveden je u skladu sa PRISMA-ScR smernicama. Sistematična pretraga sprovedena je u četiri elektronske baze podataka (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar). Dva nezavisna recenzenta su procenjivala studije prema unapred definisanim kriterijumima, a neslaganja su rešavana konsenzusom. U konačan pregled uključeno je osamnaest studija. Metodološki kvalitet uključenih radova u pregled procenjen je pomoću alata Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). Većina uključenih studija pokazala je pozitivne efekte školskih intervencija na motoričku kompetenciju, pogotovo u oblasti lokomotornih i manipulativnih veština. Intervencije dužeg trajanja, kao i one koje su se odlikovale strukturisanim i razvojno primerenim aktivnostima, takođe imale su pozitivan, ali i izraženiji efekat. Školske intervencije u oblasti fizičke aktivnosti i fizičkog vaspitanja predstavljaju efikasnu javnozdravstvenu strategiju za unapređenje motoričke kompetencije i podršku zdravom razvoju u detinjstvu. Jačanje kvaliteta i doslednosti školskih programa kretanja može doprineti dugoročnim zdravstvenim koristima i prevenciji bolesti na nivou populacije. Ovaj scoping review identifikuje praznine u postojećoj literaturi i predlaže pravce za buduća istraživanja u oblasti školskih intervencija motoričke kompetencije.
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