Srpska politička misao

AI VS. DEMOCRACY: PRESENT AND POSSIBLE FUTURES

Ivana Damnjanović — 2025-10-03

The aim of this paper is to explore and systematize current research on the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and democracy, primarily focusing on existing AI applications, in order to understand the general avenues of exploration conceived within the field of political science on this topic, and to evaluate their results so far. However, some thought will also be given to the more far-fetched possibilities of AI development and their implications for democracy. Using Robert Dahl’s theory of democracy, the paper outlines why the AI is perceived as a threat to liberal democracy, especially in regard to principles of equality, personal autonomy, and autonomous choice, and the functioning of the public sphere. Finally, the paper considers some possible, if not very probable, future developments in AI, namely the inception of artificial general intelligence (AGI) and artificial superintelligence (ASI), and their implications for democracy. While existing AI applications do seem to erode certain preconditions for functioning democracy, it is nevertheless possible to overturn this trend by restructuring AI development based on the democratic debate and participatory design.

ВЕШТАЧКА ИНТЕЛИГЕНЦИЈА И ЦЕНТРАЛИСТИЧКО ЕКОНОМСКО ПЛАНИРАЊЕ

Marko Pejković — 2025-10-07

У овом раду, аутор ће настојати да разради и допуни већ постојеће аргументе о немогућности да вештачка интелигенција (ВИ) икада омогући (централизовано) ефикасно економско планирање на нивоу националне економије у виду државног плана. Нагли развој ВИ и осталих технологија, као да је задњих година поново пробудио дебату о надолазећим техничким капацитетима који би можда могли у скоријој будућности да превазиђу све слабости централистичког економског планирања познатих из претходног века. Међутим, недостатак концептуалних предуслова у домену ВИ који су неопходни за успешно централистичко планирање, заправо говори у прилог да је чак и било какав експеримент на ову тему и научно и економски неоправдан. Уводни део рада даје преглед главних појмова и дилема у оквиру дебате, наредни део разматра математичке парадоксе као концептуалне препреке за економско планирање уз помоћ ВИ (проблем самореференције), док ће завршни део рада бити критика покушаја идеолога-архитеката ВИ да те препреке савладају кроз евентуални спој човека и машина ВИ .

IMPLEMENTATION OF AI-BASED DETECTION INTO THE CLIMATE POLICY WITHIN THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL

Serdar Selim — 2025-10-09

The European Green Deal outlines the European Union's roadmap for the green transition required by the Paris Climate Agreement. As part of its sustainable environmental policies, the European Green Deal aims to integrate digital transformation with the preservation of ecosystem services, the enhancement of green infrastructure, and the long-term sustainability of green networks. Green infrastructure contributes directly to the environmental objectives of the Green Deal by reducing carbon emissions, improving air quality, and conserving biodiversity. Therefore, accurately identifying, monitoring, and mapping green infrastructure is essential to achieving these goals. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated tree detection systems, a rapidly advancing technology, play a critical role in fields such as forest management, biodiversity monitoring, and carbon footprint assessment. This study aims to support green policy objectives by automatically detecting tree communities in a specified region using AI algorithms applied to open-access satellite imagery. The research was conducted across three sample areas with varying environmental characteristics. The methodology integrates image processing techniques with object detection algorithms, enabling high-accuracy classification of trees. The results contribute significantly to climate change mitigation efforts, carbon stock monitoring, smart urban planning, and the formulation of agricultural policies. Moreover, the proposed system can function as a decision support mechanism for public institutions, local governments, environmental scientists, and policymakers. In alignment with the European Green Deal’s vision of digital green transformation, such AI-based applications hold substantial potential for enhancing environmental sustainability.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE SECURITY STRATEGIES OF THE USA AND CHINA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY – THE STRUGGLE FOR GLOBAL DOMINANCE

Vanja Glišin — 2025-09-25

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) and its increasing application across various sectors of the state and society necessitates monitoring, studying, and actively adopting knowledge and conclusions on the subject across all scientific fields. In recent decades, we’ve observed a comprehensive use of AI in the security strategies of major powers like the United States and China, resulting in a sort of race in developing new technologies and their application. The first part of the paper defines AI, outlines various classifications, and focuses on its use in the security sector. We then analyze the security strategies of the USA and China to identify the role of AI and plans for its development in the global power struggle. Based on this, in the last part of the paper, we present the personalities and differences between the security strategies of the US and China.

MODERNIZATION OF THE LAW ENFORCMENT SYSTEM: ТHE USE OF CONTEMPORARY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN CRIME PREVENTION AND SUPPRESSION

Marija Tasić — 2025-10-15

Law enforcement agencies represent one of the most significant users of artificial intelligence–based systems in the context of contemporary manifestations of crime. Police agencies, as well as those operating within the criminal justice system, already make extensive use of various systems, software, and tools in the field of crime prevention and suppression. This article analyzes the application of existing artificial intelligence systems by law enforcement agencies through a critical review of relevant academic and professional literature, along with an illustration of examples of systems, software, and tools used in the operational context. In the first chapter, the possibilities of applying artificial intelligence systems in the field of crime prevention are presented through an overview of specific software for predicting crime and the criminal behavior of individuals, including risk assessments of recidivism and repeat victimization. In the second chapter, the possibilities of applying specific systems, software, and tools in the field of crime suppression are presented, starting from the receipt of criminal reports, the preparation and planning of criminal investigations, and up to their application in the area of international police cooperation. Finally, the article points out the controversies surrounding the use of artificial intelligence by law enforcement agencies, considering several aspects such as technological, legal, ethical, and social.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A SUPPORT FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

Jadranka R Otašević — 2025-10-06

Improving the quality of life and independence of people with disabilities is a challenge in the fields of social policy, technology, and law. The paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) as a means of supporting independent living for this population, with a special focus on the possibilities of digital work and entrepreneurship. The theoretical framework of the paper is based on the functional and social model of disability and on the concept of inclusion and human rights. The relevant scientific literature, reports of international organizations (WHO, UNICEF, UN), as well as case studies and pilot projects in the field of digital support were analyzed. The results indicate that AI solutions significantly improve mobility, communication, access to information, and user confidence, but that their application is often limited by the lack of financial accessibility, appropriate policies, and active involvement of people with disabilities themselves in the process of creating AI support. Special attention is dedicated to employment challenges, where digital work is recognized as a potential solution, but is underutilized in our society. The need for accessible, ethical, and inclusive AI solutions is emphasized, as well as for the development of digital competencies in people with disabilities in order to achieve greater social and economic integration.

RISK AND RESPONSIBILITY AT THE FRONTIER OF AI: A THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF DEEP LEARNING PIONEERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE THREATS AND GOVERNANCE

Ljubiša Bojić — 2025-09-30

As artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes global societies, understanding its associated risks and governance imperatives is of urgent social importance. This study fills a critical gap by systematically analyzing extended interviews with Geoffrey Hinton, Yoshua Bengio, and Yann LeCun—the chief architects of deep learning—to elucidate their firsthand perspectives on AI’s existential, ethical, social, and governance challenges. Employing qualitative thematic analysis across six longitudinal interview transcripts, the research identifies both convergences and divergences: Hinton and Bengio strongly emphasize existential threats, superintelligence hazards, AI weapons risks and the need for robust global regulation, while LeCun expresses technological optimism and favors decentralized, open development. All acknowledge economic disruption, misuse potential, and fractures in democratic discourse. The study’s findings reveal that expert opinion on AI risk is far from monolithic and highlights actionable, innovative governance proposals—from regulated compute access to “diversity engines” in social media feeds. Implications include the necessity for adaptive, internationally coordinated AI governance and greater professional accountability among developers. Limitations include a focus on elite, Anglophone experts and inherent subjectivity in qualitative coding. Future research should expand to multi-stakeholder and cross-national perspectives, and test proposed regulatory frameworks in real-world contexts, addressing the ongoing evolution of risk as AI permeates new domains.

LEGAL AND FINANCIAL REGULATION OF AI IN SERBIA, LATVIA, AND THE EU

Mirjana Dejanović — 2025-10-01

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being rapidly integrated across numerous sectors, with the financial industry at the forefront of technological transformation. It is influencing processes such as credit evaluation, fraud detection, risk modelling, and personalised financial services. This expansion increases the need for coherent legal frameworks, ethical governance, and financial sustainability, particularly regarding user protection, algorithmic transparency, safety, and liability for negative outcomes. This study offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of AI regulatory frameworks in the Republic of Serbia, Latvia, and the European Union (EU). Using a multidisciplinary qualitative methodology that integrates normative legal analysis, economic evaluation, and ethical considerations, the research is investigates Serbia’s harmonisation efforts with EU standards, Latvia’s implementation of the EU AI Act and complementary financial mechanisms, and the EU’s comprehensive regulatory architecture, including the AI Act and GDPR. Key findings identify shared legal challenges such as accountability, transparency, data protection, and the agility of regulatory frameworks in adapting to rapid AI innovation. From a financial perspective, the study identifies compliance costs for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), confusion in liability distribution, and budgetary pressures on supervisory authorities. Regulatory fragmentation presents a significant barrier to cross-border AI innovation and internal market coherence. The paper concludes with policy recommendations focused on enhancing regulatory harmonisation, financial feasibility, and ethical guidance, aiming to foster sustainable AI integration that balances innovation with social protections.

THE MIROR OF THE ABSOLUTE: HEROIC CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE AGE OF AI

Marija Dokić — 2025-10-03

This paper explores Hegel’s conception of the absolute idea and the world-historical individual as a framework for interpreting the political implications of artificial intelligence. By situating AI within Hegel’s dialectical unfolding of spirit, the paper argues that AI is not merely a technological artifact but a reflective moment in the self-realization of the idea. Drawing on Hegel’s notions of freedom, historical necessity, and the sovereignty of reason, the analysis positions AI as a political phenomenon that challenges contemporary understandings of autonomy, responsibility, and the human-technological relation. The paper adopts a philosophical methodology grounded in speculative dialectics and engages recent literature on AI ethics and political agency to demonstrate how Hegel’s metaphysics can illuminate the political stakes of algorithmic development, as it becomes a mirror of the absolute on the stage of historical consciousness rediscovering itself through time. The journey of the absolute idea entails the gradual unveiling of its constituent elements, and the AI emerges as a fragment of this intricate puzzle, potentially serving as a part of the process or a reflective image. Given the absolute idea’s inherent power and its predestined role in shaping the course of life, every element within its domain becomes an integral part of its journey, its metamorphosis, and its reflection in a mirror of hope amidst the ever-changing reality. However, this transformation transcends mere superficiality, transforming into a profound, transformative, and powerful metamorphosis.

ВИШЕВЕКТОРСКА СПОЉНА ПОЛИТИКА АЗЕРБЕЈЏАНА

Danijela Nikolic — 2025-09-22

Геополитички положај између Русије, Ирана и Турске, као и значајне енергетске резерве, омогућили су Азербејџану да развије динамичну и флексибилну спољну политику у циљу очувања своје безбедности, територијалног интегритета и економског просперитета. Промене и изазови у регионалној безбедности били су изражени током последњих десет година, од обновљеног сукоба са Јерменијом до продубљивања сарадње са Турском и Русијом, уз настојање да се одрже стабилни односи са Западом, укључујући Сједињене Америчке Државе. Као држава смештена на раскршћу евроазијских сила, са ресурсима од стратешког значаја (нафта и гас), Азербејџан води вишевекторску спољну политику која настоји да балансира утицаје Русије, Турске, Ирана, Сједињених Америчких Држава и, у ширем смислу, Запада. Рад се фокусира на односе са кључним регионалним и глобалним актерима, са посебним освртом на дугогодишњи конфликт са Јерменијом у Нагорно-Карабаху, растућу сарадњу са Турском, дипломатско маневрисање у односима са Русијом и Ираном, као и ограничен, али значајан утицај САД. Циљ рада је да се анализирају безбедносни и геополитички аспекти вишевекторске спољне политике Азербејџана у периоду 2014–2024. године. Методолошки, истраживање се ослања на анализу секундарних извора, компаративну анализу регионалних односа, студију случаја (Нагорно-Карабах), као и анализу политичких изјава, званичних докумената и безбедносних индикатора. Рад користи реалистички теоријски оквир, у ком државе делују на основу националних интереса у систему анархије и сталне борбе за моћ и утицај.

WHEN GLOBAL CIVILIZATION INITIATIVE MEETS PRACTICE – SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

Dragan Trailović — 2025-09-25

Global Civilization Initiative (GCI) was launched in Beijing on March 15, 2023, when China’s President Xi Jinping delivered a speech titled Join Hands on the Path Towards Modernization at the CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-level Meeting. For the purpose of this article, we will analyse the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), since we understand this organization as one of the best examples of implementing the Global Civilization Initiative in practice. This paper argues that the SCO, through its emphasis on multilateralism, non-interference, and a shared vision of regional security and development, embodies key concepts of the GCI's proposed framework for international relations. By analysing the SCO's foundational principles, its evolving institutional mechanisms, and its responses to regional challenges, this paper demonstrates how the organization fosters a "new type of international relations" characterized by dialogue, mutual respect, and a rejection of zero-sum approaches. The paper highlights the SCO's role in promoting cultural exchange and civilizational diversity, thereby offering a practical example of how the GCI seeks to build a more inclusive and harmonious global order. We structured our research in this direction for several reasons. First, China launched both the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Global Civilization Initiative. Second, both are rooted in Chinese values, norms, and interpretations of international relations, security order, modernization, and the idea of building a shared future. Third, the SCO and GCI promote a framework in which civilizational differences are seen as drivers of mutual learning and solidarity, rather than as fault lines to justify the imposition of one’s own values, political systems, or economic models, or to fuel ideological confrontation. In this sense, both the SCO and GCI embrace cooperation as a guiding principle in shaping international relations. Both initiatives demonstrate that a strong sense of equality among actors contributes directly to a shared sense of togetherness. Last but not least, we consider it significant that both also serve China’s broader strategic interests—diplomatic, economic, security-related, developmental, and political.

PILOT RETURN MIGRATION POLICY INDEX: CASE STUDY OF SLOVENIA

Željko Oset — 2025-10-02