Effect of Job Involvement, Organizational Commitment and Satisfaction on Turnover Intention: A Research in the City of Antalya
Keywords:
Job involvement, commitment, satisfaction, turnover intention, Antalya, Turkey
Abstract
Today like other establishments, touristic establishments are trying to survive under conditions of high-level competition among their rivals. The diversity aspect of jobs in touristic establishments needs analysis to determine operational aspects and outcomes. In this context, to sustain satisfaction and motivation of employees there are critical factors. In this paper, the possible relationships among job involvement, commitment, satisfaction and turnover intention levels of employees were investigated. As a result of the regression analysis, it was concluded that at least one of the independent variables of the model, which were job involvement, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction levels, had an impact on intention to turnover. The findings of the research are important both from theoretical and practical perspectives. From a theoretical perspective, this research shows the possible effect of job involvement, commitment, and satisfaction on turnover intention. From a practical perspective, the results would be of help for tourism sector professionals, researchers and decision makers.
References
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Azic, M.L.2017. The Impact of Hotel Employee Satisfaction on Hospitability Performance. Tourism and Hospitality Management 23 (1), 105-117.
Batt, R., Valcour, P.M.2003. Human Resources Practices as Predictors of Work-Family Outcomes and Employee Turnover. Industrial Relations 42 (2),189-220.
Brooke, P. P., Russell, D.W., Price, J.L.1988. Discriminant Validation of Measures of Jab Satisfaction, Job Involvement, and Organizational Commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology 73 (2), 139-145.
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Caillier, J.G.2012. Satisfaction With Work-Life Benefits and Organizational Commitment/Job Involvement: Is There a Connection?. Review of Public Personnel Administration 33 (4), 340-364.
Cascio, W.F.1989. Managing Human Resources Productivity, Quality of Worklife, Profits (2nd ed.) McGraw-Hill, Denver
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Chi, C.G., Gursoy, D.2009. Employee Satisfaction, Customer Satisfaction, and Financial Performance: An Emprical Examination. International Journal of Hospitality Management 28, 245-253.
Cotton, J., Tuttle, J.1986. Employee Turnover: A Meta-Analysis and Review With Implications for Research. Academy of Management Review 11 (1), 55-70.
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Culibrk, J., Delic, M., Mitrovic, S., Culibrk, D.2018. Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Job Involvement: The Mediating Role of Job Involvement. Frontiers in Psychology 9, 1-12.
Demir, S.2020. The Role of Self-Efficacy in Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Motivation and Job Involvement. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 85, 205-224.
Derakhshide, H., Kazemi, A.2014. The Effect of Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment on Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Performance in Hotel Industry of Mashhad by Using Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Applied Sociology 55 (3), 19-21.
DiPietro, R., Bufquin, D.2017. Effects of Work Status Congruence and Perceived Management Concern for Employees on Turnover Intentions in a Fast Casual Restaurant Chain. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism DOI:10.1080/15332845.2017.1328260
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Lambert, E.G. , Qureshi, H., Hogan, N.L., Klahm, C., Smith, B., Frank, J.2015. The Association of Job Variables With Job Involvement, Jab Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment Among Indian Police Officers. International Criminal Justice Review 25 (2), 194-213.
Li, J., Kim, W.G., Zhao, X.2017. Multilevel Model of Management Support and Casino Employee Turnover Intention. Tourism Management 59, 193-204.
Lim, A.J.P., Loo, J.T.K., Lee, P.H.2017. The Impact of Leadership on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling 1(1), 27-41.
Lum, L., Kervın, J., Clark, K., Reıd, F., Sırola, W.1998. Explaining Nursing Turnover Intent: Job Satisfaction, Pay Satisfaction, or Organizational Commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior 19, 305-320.
Markovits, Y., Davis, A.J., Dick, R.V.2007. Organizational Commitment Profiles and Job Satisfaction Among Greek Privaye and Public Sector Employees. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 7 (1), 77-99.
Meyer, P.J., Allen, J.N.1984. Testing the Side Bet Theory of Organizational Commitment: Some Methodological Considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology 69, 372-378.
Mowday, R.T., Steers, R.M., Porter, L.W.1979. The Measure of Organizational Commitment. J. Vocational Behavior 14 (April), 224-247.
Mudor, H., Tooksoon, P.2011. Conceptual Framework on the Relationship Between Human Resource Management Practices, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 2 (2), 41-49.
Nunnally, J.C.1967. Psychometric Theory. McGraw Hill, New York.
Pelkey, M.M. 2017. Relationship of Organizational Commitment, Job Involvement, and Generativity to Interest in Mentoring Among Retirees. Doctorate Thesis The Graduate School of Clemson University.
Pierce, L.L., Hazel, C.M., Mion, LC.1996. Effects of a Professional Practice Model on Autonomy, Job Satisfaction and Turnover. Nursing Management 27 (2), 48-53.
Rahman, W., Nas, Z.2013. Employee Development and Turnover Intention: Theory Validation. European Journal of Training and Development 37 (6), 564-579.
Schwepker, C.H.2001. Ethical Climate’s Relationship to Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention in the Salesforce. Journal of Business Research 54, 39-52.
Scott, A. 2009. Salesperson Agency and Turnover: A Research Proposal for Naturalistic Exploration of Organizational Commitment, Job Involvement, and Identity. The Journal of Global Business Issues 3 (2), 9-15.
Scrima, F., Lorito, L., Parry, E., Falgares, G.2014. The Mediating Role of Work Engagement on the Relationship Between Job Involvement and Affective Commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 25 (15), 2159-2173.
Selvanayagam, B.L., Thiagarajan, M. 2019. Job Involvement of Employees in Hospitality Industry in Relation to Their Job Satisfaction. Journal of Business Economics 1 (1), 56-62.
Şimsek, L. 1995.İş Tatmini (Job Satisfaction). Productivity Journal 95 (2), 91-108.
Tabachnick, B.G., Fidell, L.S.2013.Using Multivariate Statistics.sixth ed, Pearson, Boston.
Tanke, M.L. 1990. Human Resources Management for the Hospitality Industry, DelmarPublishers, Albany, NY.
Widodo, S., Widiyanti, M., Hidayati, T., Wiyadi, Situmorang, N.2019. Human Resources Management Facets: Role of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues 9 (1), 281-293.
Word, J., Park, S.M.2009. Working Across the Divide: Job Involvement in the Public and Nonprofit Sectors. Review of Public Personnel Administration 29 (2), 103-133.
World Tourism Barometer.2020. UNWTO, 18 (1), 1-6.
Yamaguchi, I.2013. A Japan-US Cross-Cultural Study of Relationships Among Team Autonomy, Organizational Social Capital, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 37, 58-71.
Yang, J.2008. Effect of Newcomer Socialization on Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention in the Hotel Industry.The Service Industries Journal 28 (4), 429-443.
Zhou, J., Plaisent, M., Zheng, L., Bernard, P.2014. Psychological Contract, Organizational Commitment and Work Satisfaction: Survey of Researchers in Chinese State-Owned Engineering Research Institutions. Open Journal of Social Sciences 2, 217-225.
Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P., Theocharous, A.L.2014. Job Involvement, Commitment, Satisfaction and Turnover: Evidence From Hotel Employees in Cyprus. Tourism Management 41,129-140.
Akgunduz, Y., Sanli, S.C.2017. The Effect of Employee Advocacy and Perceived Organizational Support on Job Embeddedness and Turnover Intentions in Hotels. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 31, 118-125.
Azic, M.L.2017. The Impact of Hotel Employee Satisfaction on Hospitability Performance. Tourism and Hospitality Management 23 (1), 105-117.
Batt, R., Valcour, P.M.2003. Human Resources Practices as Predictors of Work-Family Outcomes and Employee Turnover. Industrial Relations 42 (2),189-220.
Brooke, P. P., Russell, D.W., Price, J.L.1988. Discriminant Validation of Measures of Jab Satisfaction, Job Involvement, and Organizational Commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology 73 (2), 139-145.
Brown, S.P.1996. A Meta-Analysis and Review of Organizational Research on Job Involvement. Psychological Bulletin 120 (2), 235-255.
Caillier, J.G.2012. Satisfaction With Work-Life Benefits and Organizational Commitment/Job Involvement: Is There a Connection?. Review of Public Personnel Administration 33 (4), 340-364.
Cascio, W.F.1989. Managing Human Resources Productivity, Quality of Worklife, Profits (2nd ed.) McGraw-Hill, Denver
Chen, T-J., Wu, C-M.2017. Improving the Turnover Intention of Tourist Hotel Employees: Transformational Leadership, Leader-Member Exchange, and Psychological Cotract Breach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 29 (7), 1914-1936.
Chi, C.G., Gursoy, D.2009. Employee Satisfaction, Customer Satisfaction, and Financial Performance: An Emprical Examination. International Journal of Hospitality Management 28, 245-253.
Cotton, J., Tuttle, J.1986. Employee Turnover: A Meta-Analysis and Review With Implications for Research. Academy of Management Review 11 (1), 55-70.
Chow, C.W., Haddad, K., Singh, G.2007. Human Resource Management, Job Satisfaction, Morale, Optimism, and Turnover. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 8 (2), 73-88.
Culibrk, J., Delic, M., Mitrovic, S., Culibrk, D.2018. Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Job Involvement: The Mediating Role of Job Involvement. Frontiers in Psychology 9, 1-12.
Demir, S.2020. The Role of Self-Efficacy in Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Motivation and Job Involvement. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 85, 205-224.
Derakhshide, H., Kazemi, A.2014. The Effect of Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment on Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Performance in Hotel Industry of Mashhad by Using Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Applied Sociology 55 (3), 19-21.
DiPietro, R., Bufquin, D.2017. Effects of Work Status Congruence and Perceived Management Concern for Employees on Turnover Intentions in a Fast Casual Restaurant Chain. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism DOI:10.1080/15332845.2017.1328260
Ehtiyar, R.1996. Otel İşletmelerinde Çalışan Personelin İş Tatmini ve Antalya Yöresinde Yapılan Bir Araştırma (Job Satisfaction of Personnel Working in Hotels and a Research Done in Antalya Region). Productivity Journal 96 (4), 109-22.
Field, A.2009. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. 3rded Sage, London.
Hair, J.F.Jr., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black,.W.C.(1998). Multivariate Data Analysis, 5thEdition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Hom, P.W., Griffeth, R.W.1995. Employee Turnover. SouthwesternCollege Publishing. Cincinnati, OH.
İncir, G. 1989. Çalışanların Örgütsel Gereksinimleri ve İş Doyumu. Paper presented at the 1989 2. Ulusal Ergonomi Kongresi MPM, Ankara.
Jang, J., Kandampully, J.2017. Reducing Employee Turnover Intention Through Servant Leadership in the Restaurant Context: A Mediation Study of Affective Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration DOI: 10.1080/15256480.2017.1305310
Kanungo, R.1982. Work Alienation: An Integrative Approach. 1sted NY: Praeger, New York.
Karatepe, O.M., Babakus, E., Yavas, U.2012. Affectivity and Organizational Polities as Antecedents of Burnout Among Frontline Hotel Employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management 31, 66-75.
Kim, G.J.2014. Applying Service Profit Chain Model to the Korean Restaurant Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management 36, 1-13.
Kim, W.G., Leong, J.K., Lee, Y.K.2005. Effect of Service Orientation on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Intention of Leaving in a Casual Dining Chain Restaurant. International Journal of Hospitality Management 24, 171-193.
Kinichi, A.J., Mckee-Ryan,F.M., Schriesheim, C.A., Carson, K.P.2002. Assessing the Construct Validity of the Job Descriptive Index: A Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology 87 (1), 14-32.
Kutanis¸, R., Bayraktaroğlu,S.2002. Karayolu Turizm Taşımacılığında İş Tatmini Unsurları: Bir Uygulama (Job Satisfaction Elements in Highway Transportation: An Application). Proceedings of the 1st Tourism Congress of Mediterranean Countries. Akdeniz University School of Tourism & Hotel Management. Antalya, 17-21 April, 604-19.
Lambert, E.G. , Qureshi, H., Hogan, N.L., Klahm, C., Smith, B., Frank, J.2015. The Association of Job Variables With Job Involvement, Jab Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment Among Indian Police Officers. International Criminal Justice Review 25 (2), 194-213.
Li, J., Kim, W.G., Zhao, X.2017. Multilevel Model of Management Support and Casino Employee Turnover Intention. Tourism Management 59, 193-204.
Lim, A.J.P., Loo, J.T.K., Lee, P.H.2017. The Impact of Leadership on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling 1(1), 27-41.
Lum, L., Kervın, J., Clark, K., Reıd, F., Sırola, W.1998. Explaining Nursing Turnover Intent: Job Satisfaction, Pay Satisfaction, or Organizational Commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior 19, 305-320.
Markovits, Y., Davis, A.J., Dick, R.V.2007. Organizational Commitment Profiles and Job Satisfaction Among Greek Privaye and Public Sector Employees. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 7 (1), 77-99.
Meyer, P.J., Allen, J.N.1984. Testing the Side Bet Theory of Organizational Commitment: Some Methodological Considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology 69, 372-378.
Mowday, R.T., Steers, R.M., Porter, L.W.1979. The Measure of Organizational Commitment. J. Vocational Behavior 14 (April), 224-247.
Mudor, H., Tooksoon, P.2011. Conceptual Framework on the Relationship Between Human Resource Management Practices, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 2 (2), 41-49.
Nunnally, J.C.1967. Psychometric Theory. McGraw Hill, New York.
Pelkey, M.M. 2017. Relationship of Organizational Commitment, Job Involvement, and Generativity to Interest in Mentoring Among Retirees. Doctorate Thesis The Graduate School of Clemson University.
Pierce, L.L., Hazel, C.M., Mion, LC.1996. Effects of a Professional Practice Model on Autonomy, Job Satisfaction and Turnover. Nursing Management 27 (2), 48-53.
Rahman, W., Nas, Z.2013. Employee Development and Turnover Intention: Theory Validation. European Journal of Training and Development 37 (6), 564-579.
Schwepker, C.H.2001. Ethical Climate’s Relationship to Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention in the Salesforce. Journal of Business Research 54, 39-52.
Scott, A. 2009. Salesperson Agency and Turnover: A Research Proposal for Naturalistic Exploration of Organizational Commitment, Job Involvement, and Identity. The Journal of Global Business Issues 3 (2), 9-15.
Scrima, F., Lorito, L., Parry, E., Falgares, G.2014. The Mediating Role of Work Engagement on the Relationship Between Job Involvement and Affective Commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 25 (15), 2159-2173.
Selvanayagam, B.L., Thiagarajan, M. 2019. Job Involvement of Employees in Hospitality Industry in Relation to Their Job Satisfaction. Journal of Business Economics 1 (1), 56-62.
Şimsek, L. 1995.İş Tatmini (Job Satisfaction). Productivity Journal 95 (2), 91-108.
Tabachnick, B.G., Fidell, L.S.2013.Using Multivariate Statistics.sixth ed, Pearson, Boston.
Tanke, M.L. 1990. Human Resources Management for the Hospitality Industry, DelmarPublishers, Albany, NY.
Widodo, S., Widiyanti, M., Hidayati, T., Wiyadi, Situmorang, N.2019. Human Resources Management Facets: Role of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues 9 (1), 281-293.
Word, J., Park, S.M.2009. Working Across the Divide: Job Involvement in the Public and Nonprofit Sectors. Review of Public Personnel Administration 29 (2), 103-133.
World Tourism Barometer.2020. UNWTO, 18 (1), 1-6.
Yamaguchi, I.2013. A Japan-US Cross-Cultural Study of Relationships Among Team Autonomy, Organizational Social Capital, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 37, 58-71.
Yang, J.2008. Effect of Newcomer Socialization on Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention in the Hotel Industry.The Service Industries Journal 28 (4), 429-443.
Zhou, J., Plaisent, M., Zheng, L., Bernard, P.2014. Psychological Contract, Organizational Commitment and Work Satisfaction: Survey of Researchers in Chinese State-Owned Engineering Research Institutions. Open Journal of Social Sciences 2, 217-225.
Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P., Theocharous, A.L.2014. Job Involvement, Commitment, Satisfaction and Turnover: Evidence From Hotel Employees in Cyprus. Tourism Management 41,129-140.