The Restoration of the Cultural Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina as the Basis for Intercultural Dialogue and Development of Tourism
Keywords:
Intercultural dialogue, Restoration, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tourism, Cultural heritage sites
Abstract
This study deals with the buildings and sites destroyed during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, mostly carrying cultural and historical importance. In the last two decades in Bosnia and Herzegovina, there has been an actual reconstruction or restoration of cultural heritage, some of which have been included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Indeed, "facsimile" reconstruction is often the case, based on the concept "as it was, where it was". Citizens of other faiths and nationalities have often given material and/or moral support to the reconstruction of "different" religious sites, confirming the thesis that they associate one part of their identity with "different". It was the first major war in Europe after World War II, where a great number of cultural goods were destroyed as symbols related to the identities of entire nations. Therefore, the response related to the reconstructions was similar to Europe's response after 1945 and represented a contribution to reconciliation, alleviation of collective trauma, and the development of intercultural dialogue and tourism. The study required an observation method for data collection. Based on conducted observations, the archival method was used for the investigation of documents and textual material, finding data in form of historical documents on architects, designers, the purpose of the settings, constructions, reconstructions, their interaction with areas, proofs on heritage values, and significance for the tourism of Bosnia and Herzegovina. All the aforementioned confirms the thesis that from today's perspective, the restored or reconstructed areas are the bearers of intercultural dialogue and the tourist potential of local communities and that reconstruction as the method has a very big role in the peace-building process.
References
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The renewal of the once largest church in the Balkans emerged from the rivalry between Mostar and Sarajevo Orthodox (Obnova nekad najveće crkve na Balkanu nastale iz rivaliteta mostarskih i sarajevskih pravoslavaca), article - https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/obnova-nekad-najvece-crkve-na-balkanu-nastale- iz-rivaliteta-mostarskih-i-sarajevskih-pravoslavaca/180403008 11.01.2019.
Turistička zajednica Kantona Sarajevo zabilježila više od milion noćenja u 2018. https://www.klix.ba/biznis/turisticka-zajednica-kantona-sarajevo-zabiljezila-vise-od-milion-nocenja- u2018/181117023 Klix, the article from 17.11.2018., 10 Jan. 2019.
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World Heritage List of UNESCO - http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/946 11.01.2019.
Becken, S. and Carmignani, F. (2016), Does tourism lead to peace?, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 61, p. 63 79.DOI : 10.1016/j.annals.2016.09.002
Carbone, F. (2017). International tourism and cultural diplomacy: A new conceptual approach towards global mutual understanding and peace through tourism. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 65 (1), 61-74.
Corovic, A. (2016). Gazi Husrev-bey waqf in Sarajevo, the traditional response of economic and cultural development - Sarajevo: International forum „Bosna", Second international scientific seminar „Sarajevo in the world", published in the Magazine Forum Bosnae
Corovic, A. (2016). Article: „Gazi Husrev-bey waqf in Sarajevo, the traditional response of economic and cultural development" - Sarajevo: International forum „Bosna", Second international scientific seminar „Sarajevo in the world", published in the Magazine Forum Bosnae
Corovic, A. (2019). Restoration after the siege of Sarajevo, developments and role of the Commission to Preserve of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Restauri dopo l'assedio di Sarajevo, sviluppi e ruolo della Commissione per la tutela dei monumenti nazionali della Bosnia ed Erzegovina) – «Confronti. Quaderni di restauro architettonico», Arte'm, semestral magazine, a. V, n. 8-9, Naples: Arte'm, Prismi
Corovic. A. & Kozulj, P. (2016). Intervention on the building of Red Cross Society of B&H in Sarajevo, as the beginning of critical restoration approach in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Capri: Le Vie dei Mercanti. XIV International Forum: World Heritage and Degradation. Smart Design, Planning and Technologies
Corovic, A. (2019). Restoration of the Cultural Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina as Basis for Intercultural Dialogue And Development Of Tourism, Unpublished Conference paper, 21st General Assembly of the International Experts and Symposium Heritage as a Builder of Peace
Coward, M. (2001). Urbicide and the Question of Community in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Newcastle university library. Ph.D. – Department of Politics. Newcastle: University of Newcastle
Gazi Husrev-begov vakuf,(2006). Brochure of GHB vakuf (foundation). Sarajevo: GHB vakuf.
Hadzimuhamedovic, A. Destruction as part of the built heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with special focus on the period 1991-1995., Master. Sarajevo: Faculty of architecture in Sarajevo
Hall, C. (2015). World Heritage and Tourism. Tourism Recreation Research. 26. 1-3. 10.1080/02508281.2001.11081170.
ICOMOS. (1999). International Cultural Tourism Charter. Managing Tourism at Places of Heritage Significance. Mexico.
Kiryakova-Dineva, T. and Kyurova, V. (2020). Intercultural Dialogue: A Tool for Knowledge Sharing and a Driving Force for Tourism Development, knowledge – International Journal Vol.38.1
Legnér, M. (2018). Post-conflict reconstruction and the heritage process, Journal of Architectural Conservation, 24:2, 78-90, DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2018.1463663
Makler, I. (2011). Jeruzalem. Muslim Keyowner of the Basilica of the Holy Tomb (Musliman ključar bazilike Svetog groba), article in DW
Pavličić, J. (2016). Dissonant heritage and promotion of tourism in the case of Serbian medieval monuments in Kosovo. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change. 14. 1-17. 10.1080/14766825.2016.1169349.
Spahić, N.P. (1993). Destruction of the multicultural city: Sarajevo (Destrukcija multikulturalnog grada: Sarajevo), article, Ljubljana: IM/1992, 1/4 Riječ je o…/Main Feature,
The decision of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of B&H for designation of the City hall (Vijećnica) in Sarajevo, as national monument od B&H, at a session held from 04. to 11. September 2006. in Sarajevo
The decision of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of B&H for designation of The architectural ensemble of the group of villas dating from the Austro-Hungarian period in Petrakijina street (the Mandić Villa, the Heinrich Reitter Villa, the Hermina Rädisch Villa and the Forstrath Miklau Villa) in Sarajevo as national monument od B&H, at a session held from 10. to 16. March 2009. in Sarajevo
The decision of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of B&H for designation of The site and remains of the architectural ensemble of the Ferhad paša mosque – Ferhadija and graveyard in Banja Luka as national monument od B&H, at a session held from 06. to 12. May 2003. in Sarajevo
The decision of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of B&H for designation of The architectural ensemble of the Old Bridge and towers in Mostar, as national monument od B&H, at a session held from 06. to 12. July 2004. in Sarajevo
The decision of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of B&H for designation of The site and remains of the historic monument of the Orthodox Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in Mostar, at a session held from 20 to 26 January 2004. in Sarajevo
The decision of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of B&H for designation of The architectural ensemble of the Old Bridge and towers in Mostar, at a session held from 06. to 12. July 2004. in Sarajevo
UNESCO. (2006). Tourism, Culture and Sustainable Development. Paris: UNESCO Publishing
Zlatar, B. (1996) The Golden Age of Sarajevo (XVI century). (Zlatno doba Sarajeva (XVI stoljeće). Sarajevo: Svjetlost.
Internet sources:
Banjaluka: Opening ceremony of Ferhadija (Banjaluka: Svečano otvorena Ferhadija). Al Jazeera 06.05.2011. http://balkans.aljazeera.net/vijesti/banja-luka-svecano-otvorena-ferhadija
Demolished Ferhadija mosque, article - http://www.historija.ba/d/98-srusena-ferhadija-dzamija/ 10.01.2019.
Institute for Statistics FBiH (2020), Accommodation Statistics Annual data for 2019 http://fzs.ba/wp- content/uploads/2020/06/4.5g.pdf
Keyowner of the chapel in Bosnae Argentinae (Ključar kapele u Bosni Srebrenoj), article in Al Jazeera, 25.12.2011. - http://balkans.aljazeera.net/vijesti/kljucar-kapele-u-bosni-srebrenoj, 15.01.2019.
Notified 1,086 athletes and 750 delegation members of national Olympic committees. – City of Sarajevo – EYOF 2019. ("Prijavljeno je 1.086 takmičara i 750 članova delegacija nacionalnih olimpijskih komiteta. – Grad Sarajevo – EYOF 2019.) - https://sarajevo.ba/category/eyof-2019-hr/?lang=hr 11.01.2019.
Numankadic, E.: After the restoration of the facade the Olympic museum again looks magnificently (Numankadić: Restauracijom fasade Olimpijski muzej ponovo izgleda veličanstveno) - https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/numankadic-restauracijom-fasade-olimpijski-muzej-ponovo-izgleda-velicanstveno/181124024 11.01.2019.
Jabuka TV, https://www.jabuka.tv/mostar-u-2019-godini-posjetilo-preko-milijun-turista-zelja-za-povecanjem-zracnih-linija/
Papa a Sarajevo: "Sono venuto come pellegrino di pace"http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2015/06/06/news/il_papa_e_arrivato_a_sarajevo-116181181/?refresh_ce
The renewal of the once largest church in the Balkans emerged from the rivalry between Mostar and Sarajevo Orthodox (Obnova nekad najveće crkve na Balkanu nastale iz rivaliteta mostarskih i sarajevskih pravoslavaca), article - https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/obnova-nekad-najvece-crkve-na-balkanu-nastale- iz-rivaliteta-mostarskih-i-sarajevskih-pravoslavaca/180403008 11.01.2019.
Turistička zajednica Kantona Sarajevo zabilježila više od milion noćenja u 2018. https://www.klix.ba/biznis/turisticka-zajednica-kantona-sarajevo-zabiljezila-vise-od-milion-nocenja- u2018/181117023 Klix, the article from 17.11.2018., 10 Jan. 2019.
U glavnom gradu BiH sve više turista, ove godine zabilježeno milion noćenja https://www.klix.ba/biznis/u-glavnom-gradu-bih-sve-vise-turista-ove-godine-zabiljezeno-milion-nocenja/181224040
World Heritage List of UNESCO - http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/946 11.01.2019.
