Neuropsihološki poremećaji obolelih od shizofrenije i depresije
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Neuropsihološki deficiti osoba obolelih od psihotičnih poremećaja identifikuju se klinički, ali i mnogim istraživanjima. Poređenje obolelih od shizofrenije i depresije sa zdravim osobama pokazalo je da su obe grupe bolesnika značajno oštećene na kognitivnom planu, u odnosu na zdrave osobe. Cilj rada bio je da se uporedi neuropsihološko funkcionisanje između obolelih od shizofrenije i obolelih od depresije sa simptomima psihoze (DPS) u remisiji, kao i između ove dve grupe bolesnika i zdravih osoba. Metode. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 90 desnorukih osoba, svrstanih u tri grupe: 30 hospitalizovanih osoba obolelih od shizofrenije, 30 hospitalizovanih osoba obolelih od DPS i 30 zdravih osoba. Za ispitivanje neuropsihološke funkcije svih učesnika primenjeni su sledeći testovi: Vekslerov individualni test inteligencije (sa subtestovima: Informacije, Brojevi, Aritmetika, Sličnosti, Dopune, Kocka mozaik, Šifra), Kratko ispitivanje mentalnog statusa, Test trasiranja puta, Rej-Osteritov test složene figure, Huperov test vizuelne organizacije, zadatak fonemske, tj. verbalne fluentnosti, Rejov test auditivnog verbalnog učenja, Viskonsin test sortiranja karata. Rezultati. U grupi obolelih od shizofrenije kao bazični deficiti izdvojili su se disegzekutivni sindrom i redukovana pažnja u nekoliko domena. U sklopu disegzekutivnog sindoma nastale su i teškoće na planu apstraktnog mišljenja i verbalne fluentnosti, dok su smetnje pažnje sekundarno oštetile kratkoročnu memoriju, prepoznavanje u verbalnom modalitetu i brzinu obrade informacija. U neuropsihološkom profilu DPS grupe uočeni su blagi poremećaji u domenu brzine vizuelnog pretraživanja i brzine obrade informacija. Narušena pažnja negativno je uticala na pravilno odvijanje ostalih neuropsiholoških funkcija, dok je fenomen posebno uticao na egzekutivne funkcije, vizuelnu gnoziju i brzinu obrade informacija kod DPS grupe. Zaključak. Neuropsihološki poremećaji obolelih od shizofrenije ispoljavaju se u većem broju kognitivnih domena i težeg su stepena nego u grupi DPS. U grupi DPS registrovani su neurokognitivni poremećaji u umerenom stepenu. Nedostatak motivisanosti i uloženog napora tokom testiranja doprinosi kognitivnim smetnjama u DPS grupi.
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