GRADATION CRITERIA OF EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED PERIAPICAL LESIONS IN MICE
Abstract
A periapical lesion occurs as the reaction of periapical tissue to anaerobic infection of the dental pulp. This may result from caries lesions, tooth fractures, as well as iatrogenic and other circumstances that allow bacteria to penetrate into the pulpal tissues.
Objectives: This study evaluated experimentally-induced periapical lesions using histological examination and Autodesk AutoCAD 2010 software, and based on the size of the alveolar bone destruction in the periapical region, proposed gradation criteria for experimental periapical lesions in mice.
Methods: Twelve BALB/c mice were submitted to the coronal opening of their mandibular right first molars. Mice were sacrificed two and four weeks after pulp exposure. After the sacrifice, hemi-mandibules were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, decalcified in 3% formic acid, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 4-μm-thick sections. The sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and examined under light microscopy (40x). Images of sections, which included the distal root of the mandibular first molar and passing through the apical foramen, were selected for analysis. The size of periodontal ligament was measured by using Autodesk AutoCAD 2010 software.
Results: There was a highly significant difference in lesion size at two different time points after the lesion induction (p=0,002). The periapical lesions were classificated according to the size of periapical bone resorption. We determined the values of quartiles (25% and 75%) and median area (50%) of the mean value of all lesions, at both experimental periods. These data enabled scoring of lesions with a grade from 1 to 4. The area of the normal periodontal ligament space was assigned with a grade 0.
Conclusion: Newly designed gradation criteria represents a significant advantage compared with descriptive methods for determining the level of bone destruction in the periapical tissue, because it excludes subjectivity, facilitates numerical presentation of the data and reduces possibility of making an error by using Autodesk AutoCAD 2010 software.
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