"Morski češljevi koje nose hodočasnici" - medicinska upotreba kod Petra Španskog

  • Maria do Sameiro Barroso CIAS – Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra
Ključne reči: Put za Santijago, Školjke morskih češljeva, Petar od Španije, Korali, Kalcijum karbonat

Sažetak


Petrus Hispanus, takođe poznat kao Petar Španski (oko 1210-1277), bio je portugalski lekar koji je kasnije postao papa Jovan XXI. U svom delu „Thesaurus Pauperum“ (Blago siromašnih), koje je bila jedna od najpopularnijih knjiga tokom srednjeg veka, pomenuo je da se „morski češljevi koje nose hodočasnici“ mogu koristiti za upravljanje menstrualnim izlivom. Ovaj recept je adaptirao od arapskog lekara Avicene (oko 980–1037. godine nove ere). Zanimljivo je da nas ovo navodi da razmotrimo i medicinsku upotrebu korala. Trenutna naučna saznanja ukazuju na to da su morski češljevi prvenstveno sastavljeni od kalcijum karbonata, koji može uticati na zgrušavanje krvi. Pored toga, konkavni oblik školjki, koji je pomagao hodočasnicima da piju tokom svojih putovanja, evoluirao je u moćan simbol njihove duhovne potrage. Pored svojih hemijskih svojstava, morski češljevi predstavljali su aspekte duhovnog blagostanja i korisnih isceliteljskih sila, dodajući značajno kulturno značenje njihovoj praktičnoj upotrebi.

Reference

1. Britannica Encyclopedia https://www.britannica.com/animal/bivalve accessed May 17, 2025.
2. Rätsch C & Guhr A. Lexicon der Zaubersteine aus ethnologischer Sicht. Wiesbaden: VMA-Verlag; 1989.
3. Müller-Ebeling C & Rätsch C. Tiere der Schamanen. Aarau und Münschen: AT Verlag; 2011.
4. Gasquoine HC. The Story of Santiago de Compostela. Illustrated by. Frank H. Mason. London: M. Dent & Sons, Ltd. Aldine House;1912.
5. Purkis WJ. Crusading Spirituality in the Holy Land and Iberia, c.1095-c.1187. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press; 2008.
6. Liber Santi Jacobi. Codex Calistinus. Traducción al castellano de A. Moralejo, C. Torres y J. Feo. Bueva edición actualizada por María José García Blanco. Galicia: Xunta de Galicia; 2014.
7. Prioresco P. A History of Medicine. Volume V Medieval Medicine, Horatius Press: Omaha; 2003.
8. Hispanus P. Thesaurus Pauperum, Tesouro dos Pobres, Treasury of the Poor, Baptista, A.M. (coord.), Tradução Latim/Português Pereira, M.H.R., Tradução Português/Inglês Isabel Reis. Lisboa: I./Robson, F.O., Hearbrain Consultores em Comunicação; 2011.
9. On Peter of Spain’s life and works, see Barroso M DS. Coral in Petrus Hispanus’ ‘Treasury of the Poor’ in Duffin CJ, Thorpe GC, Moody RT J (eds) Geology and Medicine: Historical Connections, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2017: 452, pp. 267-282.
10. Theophrastus. Theophrastos on Stones. Caley EC./John FC, Richards JFC (intr. trans. commentary) Ohio: Columbia University; 1956.
11. On this subject, see Barroso MDS. A litoterapia nas afecções femininas na obra “Thesaurus Pauperum” de Pedro Hispano. Medicina na Beira Interior – Cadernos de Cultura Medicina na Beira Interior, da Pré-História ao Século XXI n. XXVIX, 2014: 125-130.
12. Hispanus P.ǀ 1598, Libro de Medicina, llamado Thesoro de los pobres, con vn regimiento de sanidad. Ahora nuevamente corregido y enmendado, Alcala de Hennares; 1598.
13. Avicenna. The Canon of Medicine. Natural Pharmaceuticals. Volume2. Compiled by Lalech Bakthiar,Kestine 10 Chicago: Great Books of the Islamic World; 2012.
14. Da Cunha R. Primeira segunda parte, da historia ecclesiastica dos arcebispos de Braga, e dos Santos, e Varoes illustres, que florecerão neste arcebispado, Manoel Cardozo, mercador de livros; Braga, 1643, II vol. p. 152.
15. Hanslick G. Arzneilich verwendete Mineralien. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker – Verlag; 1960.
16. Le Jardin de santé. Trad. de Hortus sanitatis. Attribué à Johannes de Cuba. Suit l'édition incunable [circa 1499-1502] d'Antoine Vérard (1450?-1514?),
17. Reliquary Cross. Italian. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/464462, accessed June 6, 2025.
18. Gaston R. Poème moralisé sur les propriétés des choses. In: Romania, tome 14 n°55-56, 1885, pp. 442-484.
doi : https://doi.org/10.3406/roma.1885.6377; https://www.persee.fr/doc/roma_0035-8029_1885_num_14_55_6377
19. 19. Relicário de Coral Vermelho da Rainha Santa Isabel por Ricardo Braz Frade | 24 mar, 2020. Beira litoral: https://www.portugalnummapa.com/relicario-de-coral-vermelho-da-rainha-santa-isabel/, accessed June 14, 2025
20. Blackwell E. Herbarium Blackwellianum emendatum et auctum; id est E. Blackwell collectio stirpium quae in pharmacopoliis ad medicum usum asservantur, quarum descriptio et vires ex Anglico idiomate in Latinum conversae sistuntur ... Norimbergae: Typis Christiani de Launoy Heredis; 1737.
21. Healthline. Sumac: Benefits, Uses, and Forms. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/sumac-benefits-uses-and-forms accessed May 18, 2025.
22. On this subject, see Barroso MDS. The Bezoar Stone: a princely antidote, The Távora Sequeira Pinto Collection – Oporto, Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica, 2014, 12 (1) 77-98; Barroso MDS. The Goa Stone- Myth, Empiricism and Insights of Chemistry. In Van Hee, R, Barroso, MDS, Galassi, FM, (eds). Asclepius in Lisbon. Selected papers from Lisbon 46th ISHM Congress 3-7 September 2018 Vesalius XXVI June 2020 e-supplement, pp. 36-60.
23. Schipperges H. Artz im Purpur. Grundzüge einer Krankheitslehre bei Petrus Hispanus (ca. 1210 bis 1277), Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1994.
24. Köhler, JT. Vollständige Nachrichtvon Papst Johann XXI. Göttingen; 1760.
Objavljeno
2025/12/29
Rubrika
Članci