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Ključne reči:
Srpski;, English;
Sažetak
Tuberkuloza (TB) je kao zarazna bolest, tokom ljudske istorije bila i ostala permanentni medicinski i pravni izazov, uz stalno prisutna otvorena pitanja, a za koja su odgovori implicirani aktuelnim društvenim okolnostima.
U antičko doba, nedovoljno poznavanje etiopatogeneze TB je za rezultat imalo diskriminaciju i izolaciju obolelih. U srednjem veku, kraljevi su koristili oboljevanje od TB da bi osigurali političku vlast nad svojim podanicima, a tokom 19. i 20. veka, TB je u kulturološkom smislu poprimila romantizovanu formu, dok je sa druge strane postojala velika društvena fobija od zaraze, oboljevanja i umiranja. Stereotipi su se formirali oko svih žrtava TB, dok je društvo pokušavalo da razume prirodu bolesti i uspostavi civilizacijski odnos prema njoj kao zdravstvenom problemu sa brojnim socijalnim implikacijama. Savremene mere javnog zdravlja za borbu protiv širenja pandemije TB uspostavljaju se nakon otkrića Kohovog bacila u 19. veku, a pronalazak i masovna primena BCG vakcine u 20. veku uspostavlja i prve okvire u globalnoj kontroli TB. Otkrićem Streptomicina 1944. godine (g) i Isoniazida 1952. g, započinje savremeno doba lečenja i kontrole TB, koje s pojavom rezistencije na lekove, ko-epidemije sa AIDS-om, zanemarivanja javno-zdravstvenih institutcija i aktuelne COVID-19 pandemije, uz ugrožena brojna zakonska prava zaraženih i obolelih osoba, uprkos stalnom društveno-ekonomskom napretku čovečanstva, postavlja nove izazove ka njenoj eliminaciji.
Brojni pokušaji društva kroz vekove da osmisli preventivne i terapijske mere za tuberkulozu, kroz različite nivoe socijalnih obaveza i aktivnosti, su imale i imaju dubok uticaj na ljudski rod u celini, oblikujući njegovu dalju reakciju prema žrtvama ove smrtonosne bolesti.
Reference
1. Barberis I, Bragazzi NL, Galluzzo L, et al. The History Of Tuberculosis: From The First Historical Records To The Isolation Of Koch’s Bacillus. J Prev Med Hyg. 2017; 58: 9-12. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/5584_2017_125.
2. Mac Donald EM, Izzo AA. Tuberculosis Vaccine Development. In: Ribbon W (Ed.). Tuberculosis-Expanding Knowledge. In Tech, 2015. https://doi.org/ 10.5772/59751.
3. World Health Organisation. Global Tuberculosis Report 2018. World Health Organization: Geneva, 2018: 1-7. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274453/9789241565646-eng.pdf?ua=1 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
4. Parmet WE. Legal Power And Legal Rights - Isolation And Quarantine In The Case Of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 2007; 357(5): 433-5. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp078133.
5. Gittler J. Controlling Resurgent Tuberculosis: Public Health Agencies, Public Policy, and Law. J Health Polit Policy Law. 1994; 19(1): 107-47. https://doi.org/ 10.1215/03616878-19-1-107.
6. Luca S, Mihaescu T. History of BCG Vaccine. Maedica (Buchar) 2013; 8(1): 53-8. PMID: 24023600.
7. Hayman J. Mycobacterium Ulcerans: An Infection From Jurassic Time? Lancet 1984;2(8410):1015-6. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)91110-3.
8. Lauer SA. The Social Impact of the Misconceptions Surrounding Tuberculosis. Iowa Historical Review 2017; 7(1): 55-78. https://doi.org/10.17077/2373-1842-1039.
9. Daniel VS, Daniel TM. Old Testament Biblical References to Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29(6): 1557–8. https://doi.org/10.1086/313562.
10. Waksman SA. The Conquest of Tuberculosis. University of California Press, Berkeley, USA, 1964: 29-64. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520328471.
11. Pezzella, AT. History of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Thoracic Surgery Clinics 2019: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thorsurg.2018.09.002.
12. Pormann T, Peter E, Karimullah KI. The Arabic Commentaries On The Hippocratic Aphorisms: Introduction. Oriens 2017; 45 : 1-52. https://doi.org/10.1163/18778372-04501006.
13. Longrigg J. Death And Epidemic Disease In Classical Athens. Death And Disease In The Ancient City. Routledge, 2002:67-76. http://hdl.handle.net/10822/994206.
14. Cushing A. Illness and health in the Ancient World. Collegian 1998; 5(3) : 44-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1322-7696(08)60304-2.
15. Wear A, Hays JN. The Burdens Of Disease: Epidemics And Human Response In Western History, 1st ed. New Brunswick, N.J. Rutgers University Press. 1998. Pp. xi, 361. The American Historical Review, 2000; 105(5):1700-1. https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/105.5.1700.
16. Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Charitos I A. Greek Medicine Practice At Ancient Rome: The Physician Molecularist Asclepiades. Medicines 2017; 4(4) : 92-93. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines4040092.
17. Bray FN, Alsaidan M, Simmons BJ et al. Scrofula And The Divine Right Of Royalty: The King’s Touch. JAMA Dermatol 2015;151(7): 702-6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.0449.
18. Brăilean T, Aurelian-Petrus P. Christianity And Political Democracy In The Middle Ages And Modern Times. Human and Social Studies 2013; 2(2): 119-37. https://doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2013-0007.
19. Sabbatini S. Historical insights into tuberculosis. Girolamo Fracastoro’s intuition on the transmission of tuberculosis and his opponents. History of an idea. Infez Med 2004; 12(4): 284-91. PMID: 15729021.
20. Barberis I, Bragazzi NL, Galluzzo L, et al. The history of tuberculosis: from the first historical records to the isolation of Koch's bacillus. J Prev Med Hyg 2017; 58(1): E9-E12. PMID: 28515626.
21. Roberts CA, Buikstra JE. The Bioarchaeology Of Tuberculosis: A Global Perspective On A Re-Emerging Disease. University Press of Florida, 2003: 262-72. http://dro.dur.ac.uk/3887/ Available at http://www.upf.com/book.asp?id=ROBERS03. [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
22. Morens DM. At The Deathbed Of Consumptive Art. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8(11): 1353-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201%2Feid0811.020549.
23. Bell ME. Vampires and Death in New England, 1784 to 1892. Anthropology and Humanism 2006; 31(2): 124-40. https://doi.org/10.1525/ahu.2006.31.2.124.
24. Sledzik PS, Bellantoni N. Bioarcheological And Biocultural Evidence For The New England Vampire Folk Belief. Am J Phys Anthropol 1994; 94(2): 269-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330940210.
25. Hancox M. Bovine Tuberculosis: Milk And Meat Safety. The Lancet 2002; 359 (9307): 706-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07786-3.
26. Olmstead AL, Rhode PW. An impossible undertaking: the eradication of bovine tuberculosis in the United States. J Econ His 2004; 64(3): 734-72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050704002955.
27. Abrams JE. Spitting Is Dangerous, Indecent, And Against The Law! Legislating Health Behavior During The American Tuberculosis Crusade. J Hist Med Allied Sci 2013; 68(3): 416-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrr073.
28. Coomber R, Moyle L, Pavlidis A. Public Spitting in “Developing” Nations of the Global South: Harmless Embedded Practice or Disgusting, Harmful and Deviant? In: Carrington K, Hogg R, Scott J, Sozzo M (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Criminology and the Global South. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2018: 493-520. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65021-0_25.
29. Muthu, DJAC. Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Its Etiology and Treatment, a Record of 22 Years' Observation and Work in Open-air Sanatoria. William Wood & Company, 1922:227-290. Available at : https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/34029/GIPE-007194.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y. [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
30. Muthu DJAC. The Sanatorium Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Is It a Success? Bristol Med Chir J (1883) 1907; 25(95): 50-4. PMID: 28896882.
31. Fairchild, AL, Oppenheimer GM. Public Health Nihilism Vs Pragmatism: History, Politics, And The Control Of Tuberculosis. Am J Public Health 1998; 88(7): 1105-17. Available at: https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.88.7.1105. [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
32. Young M. A Study Of The Adjustment Of Patients Discharged From The Jefferson Tuberculosis Sanatorium Between November 1945, And November 1946. ETD Collection for AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library1948; Paper 428: 1-37. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/reader/13503450. [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
33. Wilson P K. Confronting “Hereditary” Disease: Eugenic Attempts To Eliminate Tuberculosis In Progressive Era America. J Med Humanit 2006; 27(1): 19-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-005-9001-6.
34. Caverhill TFS, Calwell Q, Guillemard BJ, et al. A Discussion On The Open-Air Or Hygienic Treatment Of Consumption.” The British Medical Journal 1898; 2 (1970): 946-9. Available at: JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20256097. [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
35. Daniel TM. The history of tuberculosis. Respiratory medicine 2006; 100(11): 1862-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.08.006
36. Daniel TM. Leon Charles Albert Calmette and BCG vaccine. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005; 9:205-6. Available at: http://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/iuatld/10273719/v9n9/s2.pdf?expires=1592539392&id=0000&titleid=3764&checksum=0991A219B4D82A72E62DBC7A6E90FE06 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
37. Calmette A. On preventive vaccination of the new-born against tuberculosis by B.C.G. Br J Tuberc 1928; 22: 161-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0366-0850(28)80052-4
38. Davies TW, Davies M. Mass radiography in Wales. Experience with a mobile unit. Br J Tuberc Dis Chest 1945; 391: 2-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0366-0869(45)80004-7
39. Comstock GW. The international tuberculosis campaign: a pioneering venture in mass vaccination and research. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19: 528–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/19.3.528
40. Marx FM, Skachkova E I, Son IMet al. Die Kontrolle der Tuberkulose in den Nachfolgestaaten der Sowjetunion am Beispiel Russlands. Pneumologie 2009; 63(05): 253-60. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1119571
41. Schatz A, Bugie E, Waksman SA. Streptomycin, a substance exhibiting antibiotic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Proc Exp Biol Med 1944; 55: 66-9. https://doi.org/10.3181%2F00379727-55-14461
42. Weitzman D, de Wend Cayley FE, Wingfield AL. Streptomycin in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Brit J Tuberc Dis Chest 1950; 44: 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0366-0869(50)80004-7
43. Fogel N. Tuberculosis: a disease without boundaries. Tuberculosis2015; 95(5): 527-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2015.05.017
44. Keshavjee S, Farmer P. Tuberculosis, drug, resistance, and the history of modern medicine. N Engl J Med 2012; 367(10): 931e6 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1205429
45. Comas I, Gagneux S. The past and future of tuberculosis research. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5(10): e1000600. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000600 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
46. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2014. World Health Organization, 2014 Available at https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/137094 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
47. STOP TB Partnership. Legal environment assessments for tuberculosis: an operational guide. Geneva, Switzerland: Stop TB Partnership, 2017. Available at: http://www.stoptb.org/assets/documents/communities/StopTB_TB%20LEA%20DRAFT_FINAL_Sept%2027.pdf [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
48. Global tuberculosis report 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/250441/1/9789241565394-eng.pdf?ua=1 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
49. Out of step 2015: TB policies in 24 countries. Geneva: Médecins Sans Frontières and Stop TB Partnership; 2015. Available at: https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/sites/usa/files/tb_report_out_of_step_eng_2015 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
50. World Health Organization. The end TB strategy. World Health Organization, 2015. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331326/WHO-HTM-TB-2015.19-eng.pdf [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
51. Saunders MJ, Evans CA. COVID-19, tuberculosis, and poverty: preventing a perfect storm. Eur Respir J 2020; in press. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01348-2020
52. Glaziou P. Predicted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global tuberculosis deaths in 2020. Epidemiology 2020 May 4. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.28.20079582
53. WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
54. IFRC, UNICEF, WHO. Social Stigma associated with COVID-19. A guide to preventing and addressing social stigma. 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/covid19-stigma-guide.pdf [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
55. WHO Guidelines on tuberculosis infection prevention and control, 2019 update (WHO/CDS/TB/2019.1). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/311259/9789241550512-eng.pdf [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
56. WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: Infection prevention and control. WASH. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/infection-prevention-and-control [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
2. Mac Donald EM, Izzo AA. Tuberculosis Vaccine Development. In: Ribbon W (Ed.). Tuberculosis-Expanding Knowledge. In Tech, 2015. https://doi.org/ 10.5772/59751.
3. World Health Organisation. Global Tuberculosis Report 2018. World Health Organization: Geneva, 2018: 1-7. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274453/9789241565646-eng.pdf?ua=1 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
4. Parmet WE. Legal Power And Legal Rights - Isolation And Quarantine In The Case Of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 2007; 357(5): 433-5. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp078133.
5. Gittler J. Controlling Resurgent Tuberculosis: Public Health Agencies, Public Policy, and Law. J Health Polit Policy Law. 1994; 19(1): 107-47. https://doi.org/ 10.1215/03616878-19-1-107.
6. Luca S, Mihaescu T. History of BCG Vaccine. Maedica (Buchar) 2013; 8(1): 53-8. PMID: 24023600.
7. Hayman J. Mycobacterium Ulcerans: An Infection From Jurassic Time? Lancet 1984;2(8410):1015-6. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)91110-3.
8. Lauer SA. The Social Impact of the Misconceptions Surrounding Tuberculosis. Iowa Historical Review 2017; 7(1): 55-78. https://doi.org/10.17077/2373-1842-1039.
9. Daniel VS, Daniel TM. Old Testament Biblical References to Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29(6): 1557–8. https://doi.org/10.1086/313562.
10. Waksman SA. The Conquest of Tuberculosis. University of California Press, Berkeley, USA, 1964: 29-64. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520328471.
11. Pezzella, AT. History of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Thoracic Surgery Clinics 2019: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thorsurg.2018.09.002.
12. Pormann T, Peter E, Karimullah KI. The Arabic Commentaries On The Hippocratic Aphorisms: Introduction. Oriens 2017; 45 : 1-52. https://doi.org/10.1163/18778372-04501006.
13. Longrigg J. Death And Epidemic Disease In Classical Athens. Death And Disease In The Ancient City. Routledge, 2002:67-76. http://hdl.handle.net/10822/994206.
14. Cushing A. Illness and health in the Ancient World. Collegian 1998; 5(3) : 44-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1322-7696(08)60304-2.
15. Wear A, Hays JN. The Burdens Of Disease: Epidemics And Human Response In Western History, 1st ed. New Brunswick, N.J. Rutgers University Press. 1998. Pp. xi, 361. The American Historical Review, 2000; 105(5):1700-1. https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/105.5.1700.
16. Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Charitos I A. Greek Medicine Practice At Ancient Rome: The Physician Molecularist Asclepiades. Medicines 2017; 4(4) : 92-93. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines4040092.
17. Bray FN, Alsaidan M, Simmons BJ et al. Scrofula And The Divine Right Of Royalty: The King’s Touch. JAMA Dermatol 2015;151(7): 702-6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.0449.
18. Brăilean T, Aurelian-Petrus P. Christianity And Political Democracy In The Middle Ages And Modern Times. Human and Social Studies 2013; 2(2): 119-37. https://doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2013-0007.
19. Sabbatini S. Historical insights into tuberculosis. Girolamo Fracastoro’s intuition on the transmission of tuberculosis and his opponents. History of an idea. Infez Med 2004; 12(4): 284-91. PMID: 15729021.
20. Barberis I, Bragazzi NL, Galluzzo L, et al. The history of tuberculosis: from the first historical records to the isolation of Koch's bacillus. J Prev Med Hyg 2017; 58(1): E9-E12. PMID: 28515626.
21. Roberts CA, Buikstra JE. The Bioarchaeology Of Tuberculosis: A Global Perspective On A Re-Emerging Disease. University Press of Florida, 2003: 262-72. http://dro.dur.ac.uk/3887/ Available at http://www.upf.com/book.asp?id=ROBERS03. [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
22. Morens DM. At The Deathbed Of Consumptive Art. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8(11): 1353-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201%2Feid0811.020549.
23. Bell ME. Vampires and Death in New England, 1784 to 1892. Anthropology and Humanism 2006; 31(2): 124-40. https://doi.org/10.1525/ahu.2006.31.2.124.
24. Sledzik PS, Bellantoni N. Bioarcheological And Biocultural Evidence For The New England Vampire Folk Belief. Am J Phys Anthropol 1994; 94(2): 269-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330940210.
25. Hancox M. Bovine Tuberculosis: Milk And Meat Safety. The Lancet 2002; 359 (9307): 706-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07786-3.
26. Olmstead AL, Rhode PW. An impossible undertaking: the eradication of bovine tuberculosis in the United States. J Econ His 2004; 64(3): 734-72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050704002955.
27. Abrams JE. Spitting Is Dangerous, Indecent, And Against The Law! Legislating Health Behavior During The American Tuberculosis Crusade. J Hist Med Allied Sci 2013; 68(3): 416-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrr073.
28. Coomber R, Moyle L, Pavlidis A. Public Spitting in “Developing” Nations of the Global South: Harmless Embedded Practice or Disgusting, Harmful and Deviant? In: Carrington K, Hogg R, Scott J, Sozzo M (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Criminology and the Global South. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2018: 493-520. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65021-0_25.
29. Muthu, DJAC. Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Its Etiology and Treatment, a Record of 22 Years' Observation and Work in Open-air Sanatoria. William Wood & Company, 1922:227-290. Available at : https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/34029/GIPE-007194.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y. [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
30. Muthu DJAC. The Sanatorium Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Is It a Success? Bristol Med Chir J (1883) 1907; 25(95): 50-4. PMID: 28896882.
31. Fairchild, AL, Oppenheimer GM. Public Health Nihilism Vs Pragmatism: History, Politics, And The Control Of Tuberculosis. Am J Public Health 1998; 88(7): 1105-17. Available at: https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.88.7.1105. [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
32. Young M. A Study Of The Adjustment Of Patients Discharged From The Jefferson Tuberculosis Sanatorium Between November 1945, And November 1946. ETD Collection for AUC Robert W. Woodruff Library1948; Paper 428: 1-37. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/reader/13503450. [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
33. Wilson P K. Confronting “Hereditary” Disease: Eugenic Attempts To Eliminate Tuberculosis In Progressive Era America. J Med Humanit 2006; 27(1): 19-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-005-9001-6.
34. Caverhill TFS, Calwell Q, Guillemard BJ, et al. A Discussion On The Open-Air Or Hygienic Treatment Of Consumption.” The British Medical Journal 1898; 2 (1970): 946-9. Available at: JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20256097. [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
35. Daniel TM. The history of tuberculosis. Respiratory medicine 2006; 100(11): 1862-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.08.006
36. Daniel TM. Leon Charles Albert Calmette and BCG vaccine. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005; 9:205-6. Available at: http://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/iuatld/10273719/v9n9/s2.pdf?expires=1592539392&id=0000&titleid=3764&checksum=0991A219B4D82A72E62DBC7A6E90FE06 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
37. Calmette A. On preventive vaccination of the new-born against tuberculosis by B.C.G. Br J Tuberc 1928; 22: 161-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0366-0850(28)80052-4
38. Davies TW, Davies M. Mass radiography in Wales. Experience with a mobile unit. Br J Tuberc Dis Chest 1945; 391: 2-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0366-0869(45)80004-7
39. Comstock GW. The international tuberculosis campaign: a pioneering venture in mass vaccination and research. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19: 528–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/19.3.528
40. Marx FM, Skachkova E I, Son IMet al. Die Kontrolle der Tuberkulose in den Nachfolgestaaten der Sowjetunion am Beispiel Russlands. Pneumologie 2009; 63(05): 253-60. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1119571
41. Schatz A, Bugie E, Waksman SA. Streptomycin, a substance exhibiting antibiotic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Proc Exp Biol Med 1944; 55: 66-9. https://doi.org/10.3181%2F00379727-55-14461
42. Weitzman D, de Wend Cayley FE, Wingfield AL. Streptomycin in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Brit J Tuberc Dis Chest 1950; 44: 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0366-0869(50)80004-7
43. Fogel N. Tuberculosis: a disease without boundaries. Tuberculosis2015; 95(5): 527-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2015.05.017
44. Keshavjee S, Farmer P. Tuberculosis, drug, resistance, and the history of modern medicine. N Engl J Med 2012; 367(10): 931e6 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1205429
45. Comas I, Gagneux S. The past and future of tuberculosis research. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5(10): e1000600. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000600 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
46. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2014. World Health Organization, 2014 Available at https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/137094 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
47. STOP TB Partnership. Legal environment assessments for tuberculosis: an operational guide. Geneva, Switzerland: Stop TB Partnership, 2017. Available at: http://www.stoptb.org/assets/documents/communities/StopTB_TB%20LEA%20DRAFT_FINAL_Sept%2027.pdf [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
48. Global tuberculosis report 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/250441/1/9789241565394-eng.pdf?ua=1 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
49. Out of step 2015: TB policies in 24 countries. Geneva: Médecins Sans Frontières and Stop TB Partnership; 2015. Available at: https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/sites/usa/files/tb_report_out_of_step_eng_2015 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
50. World Health Organization. The end TB strategy. World Health Organization, 2015. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331326/WHO-HTM-TB-2015.19-eng.pdf [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
51. Saunders MJ, Evans CA. COVID-19, tuberculosis, and poverty: preventing a perfect storm. Eur Respir J 2020; in press. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01348-2020
52. Glaziou P. Predicted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global tuberculosis deaths in 2020. Epidemiology 2020 May 4. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.28.20079582
53. WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
54. IFRC, UNICEF, WHO. Social Stigma associated with COVID-19. A guide to preventing and addressing social stigma. 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/covid19-stigma-guide.pdf [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
55. WHO Guidelines on tuberculosis infection prevention and control, 2019 update (WHO/CDS/TB/2019.1). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/311259/9789241550512-eng.pdf [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
56. WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: Infection prevention and control. WASH. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/infection-prevention-and-control [Accessed on 27/12/2020].
Objavljeno
2025/12/22
Broj časopisa
Rubrika
Pregledni rad / Review article