Association between Depression Levels and Self-Perceived Oral Health among Medical Students
Keywords:
depression, oral health, medical students, mental health, Serbia
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between depression levels, oral health, oral health habits and subjective feelings in the region of mouth and teeth of the senior medical students.
The final number of 103 students in the final study year at the Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac participated in the research. Two types of questionnaires were used in this research - Beck Depression Inventory-II and Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, version 21. Chi-square test was performed and the results with p-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
There was no statistically significant difference between the levels of depression among genders. 21.4% of students had depressed feelings. The correlation between depression levels and oral health variables showed that frequency of brushing teeth and avoiding smiling were significant between different levels of depression among females. The problems with biting food and problems in social interaction were significant among genders.
Depression feelings were noticed among senior medical students and they affected their self-perceived oral health. Oral health promotion programs targeting the young population could help improving oral health behaviour.
References
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https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2011.623042
https://doi.org/10.24966/CMPH-1978/100001
Aktekin M, Karaman T, Senol YY, Erdem S, Erengin H, Akaydin M. Anxiety, depression and stressful life events among medical students: a prospective study in Antalya, Turkey. Med Educ 2001; 35(1): 12-7.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00726.x
Alregal EN, Abdelgawad F, Sasahara H, El Motayam K. The level of education and oral health attitudes of the dental students in a governmental university - A crosssectional study. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2018; 4: 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.idmjar.90
Alzahem A, Van Der Molen H, Alaujan A, et al.. Stress amongst dental students: A systematic review. Eur J Dent Educ2011; 15(1): 8-18.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0579.2010.00640.x
Anttila S, Knuuttila M, Ylostalo P, Joukamaa M. Symptoms of depression and anxiety in relation to dental health behavior and self-perceived dental treatment need. Eur J Oral Sci 2006; 114(2): 109-114.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00334.x
Bachmann S. Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15: 1425.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071425
Burckhardt CS, Anderson KL. The Quality of Life Scale (QOLS): Reliability, Validity, and Utilization. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2003; 1(1): 60.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-1-60
Delgado-Angulo EK, Sabbah W, Suominen Al, et al. The association of depression and anxiety with dental caries and periodontal disease among Finnish adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2015; 43: 540-9.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12179
Dyrbye L, Thomas M, Shanafelt T. Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among US and Canadian medical students. Acad Med 2006; 81(4): 354-73.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200604000-00009
Elani H, Allison P, Kumar R, et al.. A Systematic Review of Stress in Dental Students. J Dent Educ 2014; 78(2): 226-42.
Halonen H, Salo T, Hakko H, Räsänen P. The Association between Dental Anxiety, General Clinical Anxiety and Depression among Finnish University Students. Oral Health Dent Manag 2014; 13(2):320-5.
Hybels CF, Bennett JM, Landerman LR, et al.. Trajectories of depressive symptoms and oral health outcomes in a community sample of older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 31: 83-91.
https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4292
Ishak W, Nikravesh R, Lederer S, et al. Burnout in medical students: a systematic review. Clin Teach 2013; 10(4): 242-5.
https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.12014
Jadoon N, Yaqoob R, Raza A, et al. Anxiety and depression among medical students: a cross-sectional study. J Pak Med Assoc 2010; 60(8): 699-702.
Kim YS, Kim H-N, Lee JH, et al. Association of stress, depression, and suicidal ideation with subjective oral health status and oral functions in Korean adults aged 35 years or more. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17: 101.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-017-0391-4
Marques-Vidal P, Milagre V. Are oral health status and care associated with anxiety and depression? A study of Portuguese health science students. J Public Health Dent 2006; 66(1): 64-6.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2006.tb02553.x
Niemi P, Vainiomäki P. Medical students' distress-quality, continuity and gender differences during a six-year medical programme. Med Teach 2006; 28(2): 136-41.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590600607088
Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Oral Health Behaviour and Social and Health Factors in University Students from 26 Low, Middle and High Income Countries. International Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014; 11(12): 12247-60.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111212247
Quince T, Wood D, Parker R, Benson J. Prevalence and persistence of depression among undergraduate medical students: a longitudinal study at one UK medical school. BMJ Open 2012; 2(4).
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001519
Reddy DV, Prabu NN, Manipal S, Preethi AA. The Evaluation of Perceived Stress and Depression in Dental Undergraduates. Intern Dent J Stud Res 2013; 1: 4.
Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, et al. Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students. JAMA 2016; 316(21): 2214.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.17324
Salgar S. Stress in first year medical students. IJBAR 2014; 5(1): 05-06.
https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbar.v5i1.580
Samaranayake C, Fernando A. Satisfaction with life and depression among medical students in Auckland, New Zealand. N Z Med J 2011; 124(1341): 12-7.
Sani M, Mahfouz M, Bani I, et al.. Prevalence of stress among medical students in Jizan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Gulf Med J 2012; 1(1): 19-25.
Sharda AJ, Shetty S. A comparative study of oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour of first and final year dental students of Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Int J Dent Hyg 2008; 6: 347-53.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2008.00308.x
Silverstein S, Kritz-Silverstein D. A longitudinal study of stress in first-year dental students. J Dent Educ 2010; 74(8): 836-48
Sravani A, Doshi D, Kulkarni S, et al.. Depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate dental students in Hyderabad City, Telangana, India: A cross-sectional study. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent 2018; 16: 26-9.
https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_10_17
Strunk KK, Lane FC. The Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II). Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175616664010
World Health Organization. Depression. Geneva: WHO; (2018) Available online at: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression (Accessed May, 12 2019)
World Health Organization. Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults. Geneva: WHO (2013) Available online at: https://www.who.int/oral_health/publications/pepannex7sohqbasicmethods.pdf?ua=1 (Accessed May, 12 2019)
Zhang AY, Gary F. Discord of Measurements in Assessing Depression among African Americans with Cancer Diagnoses. Int J Cult Ment Health 2013; 6(1): 58-71.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2011.623042
Published
2025/12/22
Section
Originalni rad / Original article