Deca rođena mala za gestaciono doba

  • Jelena Miolski Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Beograd, Srbija - student doktorskih studija
  • Maja Ješić
  • Vlada Bojić
  • Smiljka Kovačević
  • Jelena Blagojević
  • Vera Zdravković
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/afmnai40-39513
Ključne reči: mali za gestaciono doba, novorođenče, rast, metabolički sindrom

Sažetak


Uvod/Cilj: Rođeni mali za gestaciono doba su deca čije su postnatalna težina, dužina i obim glave u odnosu na gestacionu starost manje od dve standardne devijacije (SD). Cilj je da se na vreme prepoznaju da bi se pratila njihova visina i razvoj. Prematurusi su novorođenčad rođena pre 37. nedelje gestacije, a zaostali u intrauterinom razvoju su delovanjem različitih činilaca dostigli manje porođajne mere. Siromašne i ekonomski nerazvijene zemlje pokazuju veću prevalencu malih za gestaciono doba. Ova deca su u većem riziku da po rođenju imaju asfiksiju, infekcije, neurološke smetnje, a u kasnijem periodu života nizak rast, kognitivne i psihičke disfunkcije, poremećaje pubertetskog razvoja i metabolički sindrom. Ukoliko do 2. godine života imaju visinu nižu od -2,5 SD, odnosno do 4. godine visinu manju od -2 SD, predlaže se lečenje rekombinantnim hormonom rasta. Početne doze hormona rasta su 35-70 μg/kg telesne mase na dan. Adekvatno usklađivanje doze postiže se ukoliko je brzina rasta +0,5 SD u prvoj godini lečenja. Brzina rasta se prati na 6-12 meseci, a IGF-I u serumu na svakih 3-6 meseci po započinjanju terapije, a zatim jednom godišnje. Lečenje se prekida u periodu adolescencije, kada je brzina rasta manja od 2 cm godišnje.

Zaključak: Prepoznavanje dece rođene male za gestaciono doba pruža mogućnost da se uz adekvatno i pravovremeno lečenje izbegnu mnogobrojne komplikacije.

Ključne reči: mali za gestaciono doba, novorođenče, rast, metabolički sindrom.

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Objavljeno
2025/12/19
Broj časopisa
Vol. 40 Br. 2 (2023): Acta facultatis medicae Naissensis
Rubrika
Pregledni rad / Review article