ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SERBIAN ENCLAVES IN REGION OF KOSOVO AND METOHIA: POST-CONFLICT SITUATION AND POSSIBLE MODERATING FUNCTION OF EC SMALL ENTERPRISES REGULATION
Keywords:
entrepreneurship, development, entrepreneur activities, small enterprises
Abstract
On the sample of 84 Serbian companies which operate on Kosovo territory (Serbian enclaves) in post-conflict situation we want to find out which factors are crucial for their survival and success. Also we want to find out is EU regulatory document for small enterprises helpful for them in this situation. We did not find EU document helpful in this situation. The results have confirmed that the enterprises are aware that expanding the market range is the only real and sustainable method of developing their activities. The key limiting factor in expanding the market range is the unfair competition. Furthermore, we are particularly pleased with the fact that enterprises from the northern part of Kosovo and Metohia are aware of the importance of innovative activities, and they realized that in contemporary business world it is possible to survive and grow in the market only by developing and introducing innovations. There are no universal solutions in a post-conflict situations. Search for ideal solution for developing the entrepreneur activities and it depends on the combination of social/political, institutional, cultural and economic aspects.
References
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Singh, P. (2013). Impact of Terrorism on Investment Decisions of Farmers: Evidence from the Punjab Insurgency. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 57, 1, 143-168.
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World Bank, (2000) The Road to Stability and Prosperity in South Eastern Europe: A RegionalStrategy Paper, (particularly Chapter 4-Creating an Appropriate Enabling Environment for Private Sector Development, and Chapter 5–Social Inclusion and Social Change-Conditions for Peace and Prosperity in the SEE Region)
Baland, J.-M., and P. Francois (2000). Rent-seeking and Resource Booms. Journal of Development Economics, 61, 2, 527-542.
Barakat, S. and Zyck, S. (2009). The evolution of post-conflict recovery. Third World Quarterly. 30, 6, 1069-1086.
Baumol, W. J. (1990). Entrepreneurship: productive, unproductive and destructive. Journal of Political Economy. 98, 5, 893-921.
Bennett, J. (2010). Informal Firms in Developing Countries: Entrepreneurial Stepping Stone or Consolation Prize? Small Business Economics, 34, 1, 53-63.
Bozzoli, C., T. Brück, and S. Sottsas (2010). A Survey of the Global Economic Costs of Conflict. Defense and Peace Economics, 21, 2, 165-76.
Bray, J. (2009). The role of private sector actors in post-conflict recovery. Conflict, Security and Development. 9, 1, 1-26.
Chen, S., N. V. Loayza, and M. Reynal-Querol. (2007.). The Aftermath of Civil War. Post-Conflict Transitions Working Paper 4, World Bank, Washington,
Collier P., and M. Duponchel (2013). The Economic Legacy of Civil War: Firm-level Evidence from Sierra Leone. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 57, 1, 65-88.
Collier, P. (1999). On the Economic Consequences of Civil War. Oxford Economic Papers, 51, 168-183.
Collier, P. and Duponchel, M. (2010). The economic legacy of civil war: firm level evidence from Sierra Leone. UNU-WIDER Working Paper, 90
Dana, Leo Paul, Teresa Elizabeth Dana, (2000). Taking sides on the island of Cyprus. Journal of Small Business Management, 38, 2, 80-87.
Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2002 Executive Report, Wellesley, MA: Babson College.
European Commission (2003), Green Paper Entrepreneurship in Europe, Brussels: European Commission.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Special Report: A global perspective on government in entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 21, 3, pp. 285-302.
http://www/seerecon.org/Regional Initiatives/WBRegionalStrategy/chapter4.htm
Krampe, F (2016). Water for peace? Post-conflict water resource management in Kosovo. Cooperation and Conflict, 52, 147–165
Krause, K. and Jutersonke, O. (2005). Peace, security and development in post-conflict environments. Security Dialogue. 36, 4, 447-462.
Kunt, A., Kapper, L. and Panos, G. (2009). Entrepreneurship in Post-conflict Transition. The role of Informality and Access to Finance. Policy Research Paper 4935. Washington DC: The World Bank Development Research Group.
Lee, A. (2011). Who becomes a terrorist?: poverty, education, and the origins of political violence. World Politics. 63, 2, 203-245.
Lemmon, G. (2012). Entrepreneurship in post-conflict zones. New York: Council of Foreign Relations, Working Paper.
McCauley, J. F. (2013). Economic development strategies and communal violence in Africa: the Cases of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. Comparative Political Studies. 46, 182-211.
Mehlum, H., K. Moene, and R. Torvik (2003). Predator or Prey? Parasitic Enterprises in Economic Development. European Economic Review, 47, 275-294
Mueller, S. L., & Thomas, A. S. (2002). Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing, 16,1, 75.
Nachmias, Nitza, (1999). International economic assistance and sustainable development. A comparative analysis of the Palestinian and Cambodian cases, The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 12, 3, 273-292.
Naude´, W. A. (2007). Peace, Prosperity, and Pro-Growth Entrepreneurship. WIDER Discussion Paper, UNU-WIDER, Helsinki, Finland.
Naude´, W. A. (2008). Entrepreneurship in Economic Development. WIDER Research Paper. UNU-WIDER, Helsinki, Finland.
Naude´, W. A. (2009). Entrepreneurship, Post-Conflict. In Making Peace Work: The Challenges of Social and Economic Reconstruction, edited by T. Addison and T. Bru¨ck,chap. 11, 251–63. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pekmez, Juan (Jan 2001), The Intervention By The International Community and the Rehabilitation of Kosovo. The Centre for Applied Studies in International Negotiations Geneva, 20-21)
Podsakoff, P.M., Mackenzie, S.B., Lee, J. and Podsakoff, N.P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies’, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 5, 879–903.
Reynolds, P.D., W.D. Bygrave, E. Autio, L.W. Cox and M. Hay (2002), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2002 Executive Report, Wellesley, MA: Babson College.
Sack, P. (2005). German colonial rule in the Northern Solomons in Regan and Helga (eds), Bougainville Before the Conflict. pp.77-107. Canberra: Pandanus Press.
Schramm C. (2010). Expeditionary economics: spurring growth after conflict and disasters. Foreign Affairs. 89, 3, 89-99.
Singh, P. (2013). Impact of Terrorism on Investment Decisions of Farmers: Evidence from the Punjab Insurgency. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 57, 1, 143-168.
USAID. (2008). Case Studies in Enterprise Development In Post-Conflict Situations. www.BusinessGrowthInitiative.org/blog
Vansandt, C. and Sud, M. (2012). Poverty alleviation through partnerships: a road less travelled for business, governments, and entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Ethics. 110, 321-332.
World Bank, (2000) The Road to Stability and Prosperity in South Eastern Europe: A RegionalStrategy Paper, (particularly Chapter 4-Creating an Appropriate Enabling Environment for Private Sector Development, and Chapter 5–Social Inclusion and Social Change-Conditions for Peace and Prosperity in the SEE Region)