Thinking (with) the Unconscious in Media and Communication Studies: Introduction to the Special Issue
Sažetak
Under the title Digital Media, Psychoanalysis and the Subject, this special issue of CM: Communication and Media seeks to reassess and reinvigorate psychoanalytic thinking in media and communication studies. We undertake this reassessment with a particular focus on the question of what psychoanalytic concepts, theories as well as modes of inquiry can contribute to the study of digital media. Overlooking the field of media and communication studies, we argue that psychoanalysis offers a reservoir of conceptual and methodological tools that has not been sufficiently tapped. In particular, psychoanalytic perspectives offer a heightened concern and sensibility for the unconscious, i.e. the element in human relating and relatedness that criss-crosses and mars our best laid plans and reasonable predictions. This introduction provides an insight into psychoanalysis as a discipline, indicates the ways in which it has been adopted in media research in general and research into digital media in particular and, ultimately, points to its future potential to contribute to the field.
Reference
Adorno, T. W. (1954). How to look at Television. The Quarterly of Film, Radio and Television, 8(3): 213–235.
Adorno, T. W. (1975). Culture Industry reconsidered. New German Critique, (6): 12–19.
Ahmed, S. (2014). The Cultural Politics of Emotion. Second Edition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Bainbridge, C. & Yates, C (eds.) (2014). Media and the Inner World: Psycho-cultural Approaches to Emotion, Media and Popular Culture. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Balick, A. (2014) The Psychodynamics of Social Networking: Connected-up Instantaneous Culture and the Self. London: Karnac.
Baxmann, I., Beyes, T. & Pias, C. (eds.) (2014). Soziale Medien - Neue Massen. Zürich and Berlin: Diaphanes.
Berardi, F. (2015). And: Phenomenology of the End. New York: Semiotext(e).
Bessi, A. & Ferrara, E. (2016). Social Bots distort the 2016 US Presidential Election Online Discussion. First Monday, 21(11). URL: http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/7090.
Bettelheim, B. (1955). Symbolic Wounds: Puberty Rites and the Envious Male. London: Thames and Hudson.
boyd, d. (2014). It's Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens. New Haven: Yale University Press.
boyd, d. & Crawford, K. (2012). Critical Questions for Big Data: Provocations for a Cultural, Technological, and Scholarly Phenomenon. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5): 662–679.
Bröckling, U. (2016). The Entrepreneurial Self. Fabricating a New Type of Subject (translated by Steven Black). London: SAGE.
Brown, S. D. & Lunt, P. (2002). A Genealogy of the Social Identity Tradition: Deleuze and Guattari and Social Psychology. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41(1): 1–23.
Bruns, A. (2008). Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and beyond: From Production to Produsage New York: Peter Lang.
Bucher, T. (2012). Want to be on the top? Algorithmic Power and the Threat of Invisibility on Facebook. New Media & Society, 14(7), 1164–1180.
Burston, J., Dyer-Witheford, N. & Hearn, A. (2010). Digital Labour: Workers, Authors, Citizens. Ephemera: Theory and Politics in Organization (Special issue), 10(3/4): 214–221.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble. Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. London: Routledge.
Carpentier, N. (2011). Media and Participation: A Site of ideological-democratic Struggle. Bristol: Intellect.
Caruth, C. (1995). Trauma: Explorations in Memory. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Copjec, J. (1989) The Orthopsychic Subject: Film Theory and the Reception of Lacan. October, 49: 53–72.
Couldry, N. & Hepp, A. (2016). The Mediated Construction of Reality. London: Wiley.
Couldry, N. (2000). Inside Culture: Re-imagining the Method of Cultural Studies. London: SAGE.
Cowie, E. (1990). Fantasia. In Adams, P. & Cowie, E. (eds.), The Woman in Question (pp. 149–196). London: Verso.
Dahlgren, P. (2013). Tracking the Civic Subject in the Media Landscape. Versions of the Democratic Ideal. Television & New Media, 14(1): 71–88.
De Lauretis, T. (1984). Alice doesn't: Feminism, Semiotics, Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Dean, J. (2009). Democracy and other neoliberal Fantasies: Communicative Capitalism and Left Politics. Durham: Duke University Press.
Dean, J. (2010). Blog Theory: Feedback and Capture in the Circuits of Drive. Cambridge: Polity.
Dean, T. (2000). Beyond Sexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Derrida, J. (2001). Michel Foucault (1926-84): “To do Justice to Freud”. In Derrida, J., The Work of Mourning (eds.: Brault, P.-A. & Naas, M., pp. 77–90). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Doane, M. A. (1987). The Desire to Desire: The Woman's Film of the 1940s. Washington: Georgetown University Press.
Edelman, L. (2004). No Future: Queer Theory and the Death Drive. Durham: Duke University Press.
Elliott, A. & Urry, J. (2010). Mobile Lives. London: Routledge.
Felman, S. & Laub, D. (1992). Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis, and History. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Fisher, E. (2012). How Less Alienation Creates More Exploitation? Audience Labour on Social Network Sites. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, 10(2): 171–183.
Flisfeder, M. & Willis, L. (eds.) (2014). Zizek and Media Studies: A Reader. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Flisfeder, M. (2015). The Entrepreneurial Subject and the Objectivization of the Self in Social Media. South Atlantic Quarterly, 114(3): 553–570.
Freud, A. (1936/1984). Das Ich und die Abwehrmechanismen. Frankfurt a. M.: Fischer.
Freud, S. (1915). Repression. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIV (1914-1916): On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement, Papers on Metapsychology and Other Works. London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
Freud, S. (1961). Fixation to Traumas - the Unconscious. The Standard Edition of the complete psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Volume XVI. Introductory Lectures on Psycho-analysis (Part III). London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
Freud, S. (1950/1962). Aus den Anfängen der Psychoanalyse. Frankfurt a. M.: Fischer.
Freud, S. (1978). Five Lectures on Psycho-analysis. The standard Edition of the complete psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Volume XI. Five Lectures on Psycho-analysis, Leonardo da Vinci and other Works. London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
Freud, S. (1981). Civilization and its Discontents. The Standard Edition of the complete psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Volume XXI. The Future of an Illusion, Civilization and its Discontents and other Works. London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-analysis.
Fromm, E. (1941/1994). Escape from Freedom. New York: Henry Holt Publishers.
Frosh, S. (2002). Key Concepts in Psychoanalysis. London: The British Library.
Frosh, S. (2012). A Brief Introduction to Psychoanalytic Theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Fuchs, C. (2014). Digital Labour and Karl Marx. Routledge.
Fuchs, C. (2017). From Digital Positivism and Administrative Big Data Analytics towards Critical Digital and Social Media Research! European Journal of Communication, online first, http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0267323116682804.
Giglietto, F., Iannelli, L., Rossi, L. & Valeriani, A. (2016). Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System. SSRN Conference Proceedings. URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2878774.
Gillespie, T. (2014). The Relevance of Algorithms. In Gillespie, T., Boczkowski, P. & Foot, K. (eds.), Media Technologies. Essays on Communication, Materiality and Society (pp. 167–194). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Grossberg, L. (1987). The in-difference of Television. Screen, 28(2): 28–46.
Guattari, F. (1995). Chaosmosis: An Ethico-Aesthetic Paradigm. Sydney: Power Press.
Habermas, J. (1972). Knowledge and Human Interest. Boston: Beacon Press.
Hall, S. (1980) Encoding/decoding. In Hall, S., Hobson, D., Lowe, A. & Willis, P. (eds.), Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 1972-79 (pp. 117–127). London: Hyman.
Halpern, O. (2014). Beautiful Data. A History of Vision and Reason since 1945. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Hansen, M. B. N. (2000). Embodying Technesis. Technology beyond Writing. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Hansen, M. B. N. (2004). New Philosophy for New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT press.
Hansen, M. B. N. (2006). Bodies in Code. Interfaces with Digital Media. London: Routledge.
Hauke, C. & Alister, I. (eds.) (2000). Jung and Film: Post-Jungian Takes on the Moving Image. London: Routledge.
Hauke, C. & Hockley, L. (eds.) (2011). Jung and Film II –The Return: Further Post-Jungian Takes on the Moving Image. London: Routledge.
Hills, M. (2002) Fan Cultures. London: Routledge.
Hills, M. (2005). Patterns of Surprise. The ‘Aleatory Object’ in Psychoanalytic Ethnography and Cyclical Fandom. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(7): 801–821.
Hills, M. (2014). Playing and Pathology: Considering Social Media as “Secondary Transitional Objects”.’ In Bainbridge, C. & Yates, C (eds.), Media and the inner World: Psycho-cultural Approaches to Emotion, Media and Popular Culture (pp. 185-200). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hinshelwood, R. D. (1991). A Dictionary of Kleinian Thought. Second Edition. London: Free Association Books.
Hockley, L. (2007). Frames of Mind: A Post-Jungian Look at Cinema, Television and Technology. Bristol: Intellect.
Hogan, B. (2013). Pseudonyms and the Rise of the Real-Name Web. In Hartley, J., Burgess, J. & Bruns, A. (eds.), A Companion to New Media Dynamics (pp. 290–307). Chichester: Blackwell.
Hollway, W. & Jefferson, T. (2000). Doing Qualitative Research Differently. Free Association, Narrative and the Interview Method. London: Sage.
Horkheimer, M. & Adorno, T. W. (1972). Dialectic of Enlightenment. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Izod, J. & Dovalis, J. (2015). Cinema as Therapy: Grief and Transformational Film. London: Routledge.
Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: NYU Press.
Johanssen, J. (2016a). Did we fail? (Counter-) transference in a Qualitative Media Research Interview. Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture, 7(1): 99–111.
Johanssen, J. (2016b). Media Research and Psychoanalysis: A Suggestion. International Communication Gazette, 78(7): 688–693.
Jung, C. G. (1953). Two Essays on Analytical Psychology. New York: Pantheon Books.
Jung, C. G. (1971). Psychological Types. London: Routledge.
Kaplan, A. M. & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the World, Unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1): 59–68.
Kaplan, E. A. (2005). Trauma Culture: The Politics of Terror and Loss in Media and Literature. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Karppi, T. (2015). Happy Accidents: Facebook and the Value of Affect. In: Hillis, K., Paasonen, S., & Petit, M. (2015). Networked Affect. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 221-234.
König, H.-D. (2006). Rechtsextremismus in Fernsehdokumentationen. Psychoanalytische Rekonstruktion ihrer Wirkungsweise. Gießen: Psychosozial.
Kris, E. (1952). Psychoanalytic Explorations in Art. New York: International University Press.
Krüger, S. (2016). Understanding Affective Labor Online: A Depth-hermeneutic Reading of the My 22nd of July Webpage. Ephemera, 16(4), 185-208.
Krüger, S. & Johanssen, J. (2014). Alienation and Digital Labour—A Depth-Hermeneutic Inquiry into Online Commodification and the Unconscious. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, 12(2): 632–647.
Krzych, S. (2010). Phatic Touch, or The Instance of the Gadget in the Unconscious. Paragraph, 33(3): 376–391.
Lacan, J. (1977). Écrits: A Selection. New York: Norton.
Lacan, J. (2007). The Other Side of Psychoanalysis. New York: Norton.
Laplanche, J. & Pontalis, J.-B. (1973). The Language of Psycho-analysis. New York: Norton
Leys, R. (2010). Trauma: A Genealogy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lister, M., Dovey, J., Giddins, S., Grant, I. & Kelly, K. (2009). New Media. A Critical Introduction (Second Edition). New York: Routledge.
Löchel, E. (2002). “Es könnte etwas dabei herauskommen”. Psychologische Aspekte textbasierter “virtueller” Realität und Beziehungsmuster jugendlicher Chatter. Psychosozial, 25(88): 61–72.
Lorenzer, A. (1970a). Sprachzerstörung und Rekonstruktion. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
Lorenzer, A. (1970b). Kritik des psychoanalytischen Symbolbegriffs. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
Lorenzer, A. (1986). Tiefenhermeneutische Kulturanalyse. In Lorenzer, A. et al. (eds.), Kulturanalysen (pp. 11–98). Frankfurt a. M.: Fischer.
Lupton, D. (2016). The Quantified Self. London: Wiley.
Mager, A. (2012). Algorithmic Ideology: How Capitalist Society Shapes Search Engines. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5): 769–787.
Marcuse, H. (1955). Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud. Boston: Beacon Press.
Marcuse, H. (1964/1991). One-Dimensional Man: Studies in Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society. Second Edition. London: Routledge.
Marwick, A. E. & boyd, d. (2011). I Tweet Honestly, I Tweet Passionately: Twitter Users, Context Collapse, and the Imagined Audience. New Media & Society, 13(1): 114–133.
Marwick, A. E. & boyd, d. (2014). Networked Privacy: How Teenagers Negotiate Context in Social Media. New Media & Society, 16(7): 1051–1067.
Meek, A. (2010). Trauma and Media: Theories, Histories, and Images. London: Routledge.
Mitscherlich, A. & Mitscherlich, M. (1967/2007). Die Unfähigkeit zu Trauern. Munich: Piper.
Moffitt, B. (2016). The Global Rise of Populism: Performance, Political Style, and Representation. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Morley, D. (1986). Family Television: Cultural Power and domestic Leisure. London: Routledge.
Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Screen, 16(3): 6–18.
Neville, L. (2015). Male Gays in the Female Gaze: Women who Watch m/m Pornography. Porn Studies, 2(2-3): 192–207.
Ogden, T. H. (1992). The Matrix of the Mind; Object Relations and the Psychoanalytic Dialogue. London: Karnac Books.
Parker, I. (2010). Psychosocial Studies: Lacanian Discourse Analysis Negotiating Interview Text. Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society, 15(2): 156–172.
Phillips, W. (2015). This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things: Mapping the Relationship between Online Trolling and Mainstream Culture. Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Pinchevski, A. (2012). The Audiovisual Unconscious: Media and Trauma in the Video Archive for Holocaust testimonies. Critical Inquiry, 39(1): 142–166.
Radstone, S. (2007). Trauma Theory: Contexts, Politics, Ethics. Paragraph, 30(1): 9–29.
Ryberg, I. (2015). Carnal Fantasizing: Embodied Spectatorship of Queer, Feminist and Lesbian Pornography. Porn Studies, 2(2-3): 161–173.
Saco, D. (2002). Cybering Democracy. Public Space and the Internet. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Saito, K. (2011). Desire in Subtext: Gender, Fandom, and Women's Male-Male Homoerotic Parodies in Contemporary Japan. Mechademia, 6: 171–191.
Sandvoss, C. (2005). Fans: The Mirror of Consumption. London: Polity.
Silverman, K. (1992). Male Subjectivity at the Margins. London: Routledge.
Singh, G. (2009). Film after Jung: Post-Jungian Approaches to Film Theory. London: Routledge.
Singh, G. (2014). Recognition and the Image of Mastery as Themes in Black Mirror (Ch4, 2011-present): An Eco-Jungian Approach to “Always-on” Culture’. International Journal of Jungian Studies, 6(2): 120–132.
Stiegler, B. (2013). What Makes Life Worth Living: On Pharmacology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Stutzman, F., Gross, R. & Acquisti, A. (2013.) Silent Listeners: The Evolution of Privacy and Disclosure on Facebook. Journal of Privacy and Confidentiality, 4(2): 7–41.
Suler, J. (2004). The Online Disinhibition Effect. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(3): 321–326.
Terranova, T. (2000). Free Labor: Producing Culture for the Digital Economy. Social Text, 18(2): 33–58.
Turkle, S. (2012). Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. New York: Basic Books.
Turkle, S. (2015). Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age. London: Penguin.
Turow, J. (2011). The Daily You. How the New Advertising Industry is Defining Your Identity and Your Worth. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
Van Dijck, J. (2013). The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media. New York: Oxford University Press.
Varghese, R. (2016). Sex/work. Porn Studies, 3(2): 191–194.
Watson, E. (2009). Queering Psychoanalysis/Psychoanalysing Queer. Annual Review of Critical Psychology, 7: 114–139.
Westen, D. (1999). The Scientific Status of Unconscious Processes: Is Freud Really Dead?. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 47(4), 1061–1106.
Wilson, M. (2010). The Possibilities of Networked Sociality. In Hunsinger, J, Klastrup, L. & Allen, M. (eds.), International Handbook of Internet Research (pp. 493–505). Heidelberg: Springer.
Winnicott, D. W. (2002). Playing and Reality. London: Routledge.
Zajc, M. (2015). Social Media, Prosumption, and Dispositives: New Mechanisms of the Construction of Subjectivity. Journal of Consumer Culture, 15(1): 28–47.
Zaretsky, E. (2015). From Psychoanalysis to Cybernetics: The Case of Her. American Imago, 72(2): 197–209.
Žižek, S. (1997). Cyberspace, or, the Unbearable Closure of Being. In Žižek, S., The Plague of Fantasies (pp. 161–213). London and New York: Verso.
Autori zadržavaju autorska prava nad objavljenim člancima, a izdavaču daju neekskluzivno pravo da članak objavi, da u slučaju daljeg korišćenja članka bude naveden kao njegov prvi izdavač, kao i da distribuira članak u svim oblicima i medijima.
Licenciranje
Objavljeni članci distribuiraju se u skladu sa licencom Creative Commons Autorstvo - Deliti pod istim uslovima 4.0 International (CC BY-SA). Dopušteno je da se delo kopira i distribuira u svim medijima i formatima, da se prerađuje, menja i nadograđuje u bilo koje svrhe, uključujući i komercijalne, pod uslovom da se na pravilan način citiraju njegovi prvobitni autori, postavi link ka originalnoj licenci, naznači da li je delo izmenjeno i da se novo delo objavi pod istom licencom kao i originalno.
Korisnici su pri tome dužni da navedu pun bibliografski opis članka objavljenog u ovom časopisu (autori, naslov rada, naslov časopisa, volumen, sveska, paginacija), kao i njegovu DOI oznaku. U slučaju objavljivanja u elektronskoj formi takođe su dužni da postave HTML link, kako sa originalnim člankom objavljenim u časopisu CM: Communication and Media, tako i sa korišćenom licencom.
Autori mogu da stupaju u zasebne, ugovorne aranžmane za neekskluzivnu distribuciju rada objavljenog u časopisu (npr. postavljanje u institucionalni repozitorijum ili objavljivanje u knjizi), uz navođenje da je rad prvobitno objavljen u ovom časopisu.
Politika samoarhiviranja
Autorima je dozvoljeno da objavljenu verziju rada deponuju u institucionalni ili tematski repozitorijum ili da je objave na ličnim veb stranicama (uključujući i profile na društvenim mrežama, kao što su ResearchGate, Academia.edu, itd.), na sajtu institucije u kojoj su zaposleni u bilo koje vreme nakon objavljivanja u časopisu.
Autori su obavezni da pritom navedu pun bibliografski opis članka objavljenog u ovom časopisu (autori, naslov rada, naslov časopisa, volumen, sveska, paginacija) i postave link, kako na DOI oznaku tog članka, tako i na korišćenu licencu.Autorima je dozvoljeno da objavljenu verziju rada deponuju u institucionalni ili tematski repozitorijum ili da je objave na ličnim veb stranicama (uključujući i profile na društvenim mrežama, kao što su ResearchGate, Academia.edu, itd.), na sajtu institucije u kojoj su zaposleni u bilo koje vreme nakon objavljivanja u časopisu.
Odricanje od odgovornosti
Stavovi izneti u objavljenim radovima ne izražavaju stavove urednika i članova redakcije časopisa. Autori preuzimaju pravnu i moralnu odgovornost za ideje iznete u svojim radovima. Izdavač neće snositi nikakvu odgovornost u slučaju ispostavljanja bilo kakvih zahteva za naknadu štete.