Medijsko predstavljanje političkih sukoba
Sažetak
Izveštavajući o nekim sukobima, a ne o drugima, i predstavljajući ih na određeni način, mediji bitno utiču na dinamiku i rezultate sukoba tokom demokratizacije i tako oblikuju izglede na uspeh sukobljenih strana. Ovaj rad analizira literaturu o medijima i političkim sukobima, naročito onaj deo o medijskom predstavljanju međudržavnih i građanskih ratova, institucionalizovanih sukoba, protesta i društvenih pokreta u demokratijama Zapada, kao i sukoba u nedemokratskim režimima i tokom demokratizacije. Najveći deo literature bavi se načinima na koji Zapadni mediji predstavljaju strane sukobe – oružane i druge – i domaće izborne kampanje i rasprave o javnim politikama, dok je medijsko izveštavanje o domaćim sukobima u nezapadnom okruženju, kao što su oni koji nastaju tokom i posle nedemokratske vladavine, nedovoljno istraženo. Retko se povlače paralele između medijskog izveštavanja o tim, veoma različitim oblicima sukoba. Ovaj rad upravo insistira na upoređivanju nalaza iz ovih srodnih oblasti jer takvo poređenje sugeriše pouke – u vidu argumenata i hipoteza – za empirijsko istraživanje medijskog predstavljanja konfliktne strane savremene demokratizacije. Najznačajniji nalaz ove studije jeste da je politički kontekst ključni činilac koji utiče na predstavljanje različitih oblika političkih sukoba u medijima. Najvažnije dimenzije političkog konteksta iz ovog ugla su oblik političkog režima, međunarodni (spoljni) ili domaći ugao, konsenzus ili sukob elita, oblast javne politike i konsenzus ili neizvesnost oko njihovog donošenja i/ili sadržaja, oblik i nivo institucionalizacije sukoba i etapa demokratizacije. Pored toga, medijsko predstavljanje sukoba značajno utiče na političke ishode i tako podržava ili podriva nove demokratske ustanove.
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