Kompjuterska semiotika kao mogući okvir za razumevanje kompjuterski posredovanog komuniciranja

  • Jelena Kleut Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet, Odsek za medijske studije
Ključne reči: semiotics||, ||semiotika, computer-mediated communication||, ||kompjuterski posredovano komuniciranje, INTERFACE||, ||interfejs, software||, ||softver, designer||, ||dizajner,

Sažetak


U radu se predstavlja kompjuterska semiotika, oblast koja prati već etabliran put semiotičke zainteresovanosti za medijski specifične sisteme označavanja i komuniciranja. Kompjuterska semiotika nastaje multidisciplinarnim ukrštanjem društvenih i tehničkih nauka i predstavlja šaroliko polje istraživanja koje je moguće sagledati kao celinu jedino ako se kao kriterijum uzme upotreba semiotičkih pojmova za objašnjenje i analizu poruka u čijem stvaranju učestvuju kompjuteri. Semiotička konceptualizacija hipertekstualnosti i multimodalnosti u većoj je meri poznata i prihvaćena, te je u radu predstavljena grana kompjuterske semiotike u kojoj centralno mesto zauzimaju strukturni delovi novog medija: softver i interfejs. Softver se posmatra kao strukturni element medija u kojem je stvarnost izvan kompjutera prevedena u redukovane znake podložne kompjuterskoj obradi. Interfejs je strukturni element medija kojim su predstavljene softverske mogućnosti i digitalni objekti. Interfejs namenjen korisniku nastaje u kombinaciji tehničkih kodova na nivou softvera i kulturnih kodova bez kojih korisnici ne bi mogli da interpretiraju kompjuterske znakove. Postojanje softvera i korisničkog interfejsa otvara niz pitanja na koje kompjuterska semiotika nastoji pruži odgovori: kakvi znaci nastaju, ko učestvuje u proizvodnji znakova, kako su ovi učesnici predstavljeni i kako se u novom mediju prepliću kulturni i tehnološki činioci.

Reference

Akrich, M., & Latour, B. (1992). A Summary of a Convenient Vocabulary for the Semiotics of Human and Nonhuman Assemblies. In W. Bijker, & J. Law (eds.), Shaping Technology / Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change (pp. 259–264). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Andersen, P. B. (1997). Theory of Computer Semiotics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Andersen, P. B. (1992). Computer Semiotics. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, 4, 3–30.

Andersen, P. B., Holmqvist, B., & Jensen, J. F. (eds.) (1993). The Computer as Medium. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Bart, R. (1979). Književnost, mitologija, semiologija. Beograd: Nolit.

Barthes, R. (1977). Image, Music, Text. London: Fontana Press.

Beer, D. (2009). Power through the Algorithm. New Media & Society, 11(6): 985–1002.

Bignell, J. (2002). Introduction to Media Semiotics. Second edition. Manchester – New York: Manchester University Press.

Bolter, J. D., & Grusin, R. (2000). Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge-London: MIT Press.

Bucher, T. (2002). Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook. New Media & Society, 14(7): 1164–1180.

Carey, J. (1967). Harold Adams Innis and Marshall McLuhan. The Antioch Review, 27(1), pp. 5–39

Danesi, M. (2002). Understanding Media Semiotics. London: Arnold.

Danesi, M. (2008). The medium is the sign: Was McLuhan a semiotician? MediaTropes (eJournal), I: 113–126.

de Souza, C. S. (2001). A Semiotic Approach to User Interface Design. Knowledge-Based Systems, 14, 461–465.

de Souza, C. S. (2005). The Semiotic Engineering of Human-Computer. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Eco, U. (1979/1984). The Role of the Reader. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Eco, U. (1979). A Theory of Semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Eko, U. (1973). Kultura, informacija, komunikacija. Beograd: Nolit.

Eko, U. (2001). Granice tumačenja. Beograd: Paideia.

Erickson, T. D. (1990). Working with Interface Metaphors. In B. Laurel (ed.), The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design (pp. 65–73). Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

Gaver, W. W. (1991). Technology Affordances. In S. P. Robertson, G. M. Olson, & J. S. Olson (eds.), Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference.

Geiger, R. S. (2011). The Lives of Bots. In G. Lovink & N. Tkacz (eds.), Critical Point of View: A Wikipedia Reader (pp. 78–93). Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures.

Genosko, G. (2008). A-signifying Semiotics. The Public Journal of Semiotics, 2(1), 11–21.

Hodge, B., & Kress, G. (1988). Social Semiotics. London: Polity Press.

Innis, H. (1950/1986). Empire and Communications. Victoria-Toronto: Press Porcepic Limited.

Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the New Media Age. London: Routledge.

Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (2nd Edition). New York - London: Routledge.

Langlois, G. (2008). The Technocultural Dimensions of Meaning: Towards a Mixed Semiotics of the World Wide Web (Doctoral thesis). Toronto, Canada.

Langlois, G. (2011). Meaning, Semiotechnologies and Participatory Media. Culture Machine, 12, 1–27.

Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.

Laurel, B. (1993). Computers as Theatre. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.

Levinson, P. (1999/2004). Digital McLuhan: A Guide to the Information Millennium. London: Taylor & Francis.

Manovich, L. (2001). The Language of New Media. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Manovich, L. (2012). The Media after Software. Posećeno 27. 12. 2012. URL: http://softwarestudies.com/cultural_analytics/Manovich.Media_after_software.2012.pdf.

Mayrowitz, J. (1985). No sense of place: The impact of electronic media on social behavior. New York: Oxford University Press.

Meyrowitz, J. (2001). Morphing McLuhan: Medium Theory for a New Millennium. Proceedings of the Media Ecology Association, 2: 8–22. Posećeno 15. 5. 2015. URL: http://media-ecology.org/publications/MEA_proceedings/v2/Meyrowitz02.pdf.

McLuhan, M. (1964/2002). Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. London – New York: Routledge.

McMillan, S. (2002). Exploring Models of Interactivity from Multiple Research Traditions: Users, Documents, Systems. In L. Lievrouw, & S. Livingstone (eds.), Handbook of New Media: Social Shaping and Consequences of ICTs (pp. 163–182). London: Sage.

Metz, C. (1974). Film Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Moris, Č. (1975). Osnove teorije o znacima. Beograd: BIGZ.

Morley, D. (2007). Media, Modernity, Technology: The Geography of the New. New York: Routledge.

Nake, F. & Grabowski, S. (2001). Human-Computer Interaction Viewed as Pseudo-Communication. Knowlegde-Based Systems, 14, 441–447.

Negropont, N. (1998). Biti digitalan. Beograd: Clio.

Nelson, T. (1974/2003). Computer Lib/Dream Machines. In N. Wardrip-Fruin, & N. Montfort (eds.), The New Media Reader (pp. 303–338). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Norman, D. (1990). The Design of Everyday Things. New York: Basic Books.

Pers, Č. S. (1993). Izabrani spisi. Beograd: Bigz.

Pold, S. (2008). Button. In M. Fuller (ed.), Software Studies: A Lexicon (pp. 31–36). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Shneiderman, B. (1982). The Future of Interactive Systems and the Emergence of Direct Manipulation. Behaviour & Information Technology, 1(3), 237–256.

Shneiderman, B. (1988). We can Design Better User Interfaces: A Review of Human-Computer Interaction Styles. Ergonomics, 31(5), 699–710.

Slack, J.D. & Wise, J.M. (2005). Culture + Technology: A Primer. New York: Peter Lang

Sosir, F. d. (1996). Kurs iz opšte lingvistike. Sremski Karlovci: Izdavačka knjižarnica Zorana Stojanovića.

Stephenson, N. (1999). In the Beginning was the Command Line. William Morrow Paperbacks.

Pasquinelli, M. (2009). Google’s PageRank Algorithm: A Diagram of Cognitive Capitalism and the Rentier of the Common Intellect. In K. Becker & F. Stalder (eds.), Deep Search (pp. 152–62). London: Transaction Publishers.

Van Dijck, J. (2012). Facebook and the engineering of connectivity: A multi-layered approach to social media platforms. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 19(2): 141–155.

Winograd, T., & Flores, F. (1986/2003). Using Computers: A Direction for Design. In N. Wardrip-Fruin, & N. Montfort (eds.), The New Media Reader (pp. 551–562). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Objavljeno
2015/07/10
Rubrika
Pregledni članak