The influence of genetic polymorphisms in acute coronary syndrome
Abstract
The influence of genetic polymorphisms in cardiology has become increasingly relevant for the choice of therapeutic approach and risk assessment in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Acute Coronary Syndrome is a syndrome of various diseases due to an abrupt reduction in blood flow to the heart. Coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome are the major causes of mortality in the developed world, with genetics contributing significantly to their development alongside the traditional risk factors. Studies have identified several genetic polymorphisms associated with acute coronary syndrome, such as polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor genes, which predict an increased risk of ACS. Other genes, such as ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. Genetic testing is crucial for the development of personalized treatments and the improvement of risk stratification, allowing healthcare providers to tailor interventions based on individual genetic profiles. Furthermore, genetic information can better navigate furtherlong-term monitoring and preventive strategies for high-risk patients, emphasizing the importance of family screening for early intervention. However, challenges persist in interpreting genetic test results, particularly with variants of uncertain significance, which may complicate risk assessment and clinical decision-making. Overall, integrating genetic knowledge into clinical practice can guide us towards improved therapeutic and preventive strategies in cardiovascular diseases.
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