Poremećaj digestivne funkcije kod poremećaja u ishrani: nutritivni tretman
Sažetak
Poremećaji u ishrani predstavljaju kompleksna psihijatrijska i metabolička stanja koja, pored psiholoških i endokrinoloških posledica, značajno utiču na funkciju digestivnog sistema. Dugotrajna restrikcija unosa hrane, epizode prejedanja, izazvano povraćanje, kao i zloupotreba laksativa i diuretika dovode do brojnih poremećaja gastrointestinalne funkcije, uključujući usporeno pražnjenje želuca, nadimanje, bolove, dijareju i konstipaciju, koji često perzistiraju i tokom remisije bolesti. Ovi simptomi dodatno otežavaju nutritivnu rehabilitaciju i mogu predstavljati značajnu prepreku u procesu oporavka. Cilj ovog rada je da se prikažu mehanizmi nastanka poremećaja digestivne funkcije kod osoba sa poremećajima u ishrani, kao i da se razmotre principi i značaj adekvatnog nutritivnog tretmana u sanaciji ovih poremećaja. Metode rada obuhvataju pregled relevantne naučne literature dostupne u međunarodnim bazama podataka, sa fokusom na kliničke studije, sistematske preglede i smernice koje se odnose na gastrointestinalne komplikacije i nutritivne intervencije kod poremećaja u ishrani. Rezultati ukazuju da su poremećaji digestivne funkcije česti, multifaktorijalni i reverzibilni uz adekvatno vođen nutritivni tretman. Postepeno povećanje energetskog unosa, prilagođen izbor namirnica, adekvatan unos vlakana i tečnosti, kao i primena probiotika i prebiotika, pokazali su se kao ključni elementi u obnovi gastrointestinalne funkcije. Zaključuje se da je razumevanje digestivnih simptoma i njihovo sistematsko uključivanje u plan nutritivne terapije od suštinskog značaja za uspešan i održiv oporavak osoba sa poremećajima u ishrani.
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