Fizioterapija u perimenopauzi - prevencija, rehabilitacija i postrehabilitacija
Sažetak
Perimenopauza predstavlja prelaznu fazu u životu žene, često praćenu fizičkim i psihičkim simptomima uzrokovanim smanjenjem i oscilacijama nivoa estrogena. Mišićno-skeletni bolovi, ograničena pokretljivost, inflamatorni procesi, smanjenje mišićne mase i gustine kostiju samo su neki od faktora koji mogu značajno uticati na svakodnevno funkcionisanje žena u periodu koji prethodi menopauzi. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati ulogu fizioterapije u perimenopauzi kroz preventivne, rehabilitacione i postrehabilitacione mere, koje doprinose očuvanju i unapređenju funkcionalnih sposobnosti i zdravstvenog statusa žena. Metod rada obuhvata pregled relevantne literature objavljene u poslednjih 15 godina, pretražene u elektronskim bazama PubMed, Google Scholar, KoBSON i Scopus. Analiza ukazuje da preventivni programi treba da integrišu multimodalne vežbe, uključujući aerobne aktivnosti, trening snage, istezanje i tehnike relaksacije, koje se sprovode u manjim grupama radi optimalnog individualnog pristupa. U okviru rehabilitacije, fizioterapija značajno doprinosi prevenciji i tretmanu poremećaja kao što su sarkopenija, osteoporoza, osteoartritis, miofascijalni sindromi, sindrom bola velikog trohantera i bol u donjem delu leđa. Postrehabilitacija se fokusira na održavanje postignutih rezultata, prevenciju recidiva simptoma i dugoročno očuvanje mišićno-skeletnog i psihofizičkog zdravlja. Dobijeni nalazi ukazuju na značaj integrisanja ovih sadržaja u studijske programe fizioterapije i kontinuirane oblike stručnog usavršavanja, sa ciljem osposobljavanja budućih terapeuta za primenu adekvatnih mera kod žena u perimenopauzi. Zaključno, fizioterapija ima važnu ulogu u multidisciplinarnom pristupu očuvanju zdravlja žena u ovom periodu.
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