Stavovi zaposlenih o primeni procesa zdravstvene nege i sestrinske dokumentacije u psihijatrijskoj praksi
Sažetak
Uvod: Proces zdravstvene nege (PZN) predstavlja standardizovanu metodologiju rada u sestrinskoj profesiji, čija primena i dokumentovanje imaju poseban značaj u psihijatrijskoj praksi, gde je nega zasnovana na biopsihosocijalnom pristupu i timskom radu. Iako je PZN deo formalnog obrazovanja medicinskih sestara, njegova primena u praksi i dalje je neujednačena, naročito u oblasti mentalnog zdravlja.
Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispitaju stavovi zaposlenih o značaju i mogućnostima primene dokumentacije zdravstvene nege u timskom radu u psihijatriji.
Metodologija: Sprovedeno je deskriptivno, opservaciono istraživanje presečnog tipa. Uzorak je činilo 39 zaposlenih različitih profesionalnih profila angažovanih u radu sa osobama sa psihičkim smetnjama u Domu za duševno obolela lica „1. oktobar“, Stari Lec. Podaci su prikupljeni pomoću strukturisanog upitnika konstruisanog za potrebe istraživanja, a obrađeni metodama deskriptivne statistike.
Rezultati: Rezultati su pokazali da većina ispitanika nije u potpunosti upoznata sa procesom zdravstvene nege (71,8%), ali da prepoznaje značaj dokumentacije zdravstvene nege za kvalitet zbrinjavanja, bezbednost korisnika i planiranje intervencija u okviru timskog rada (82,1%). U praksi se dokumentovanje najčešće odnosi na pojedine realizovane intervencije, dok je dosledna primena i dokumentovanje svih faza PZN ograničena (23,1%). Ispitanici su uglavnom iskazali pozitivan stav prema mogućnosti unapređenja sestrinske prakse kroz primenu standardizovane dokumentacije zdravstvene nege.
Zaključak: Nalazi ukazuju na postojanje jaza između teorijskog značaja procesa zdravstvene nege i njegove primene u psihijatrijskoj praksi. Iako zaposleni prepoznaju značaj dokumentacije zdravstvene nege u timskom radu, neophodno je unaprediti uslove za njenu dosledniju primenu kroz kontinuiranu edukaciju, unapređenje dokumentacije i jačanje institucionalne podrške.
Reference
Toney-Butler TJ, Thayer JM. Nursing process. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499937/
Sanson G, Vellone E, Kangasniemi M, Alvaro R. Nursing diagnoses: a systematic review of their accuracy and impact on patient outcomes. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2017;28(3):137–150. doi:10.1111/2047-3095.12115
Herdman TH, Kamitsuru S, Lopes CT. NANDA International nursing diagnoses: definitions and classification 2021–2023. New York: Thieme; 2021.
Butcher HK, Bulechek GM, Dochterman JM, Wagner C. Nursing interventions classification (NIC). 7th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2019.
Moorhead S, Johnson M, Maas ML, Swanson E. Nursing outcomes classification (NOC). 6th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2018.
Tastan S, Linch GCF, Keenan GM, Stifter J, McKinney D, Fahey L, et al. Evidence for the existing American Nurses Association-recognized standardized nursing terminologies: a systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2014;51(8):1160–1170. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.12.004
Chae YR, Oh EG, Moorhead S. Development and validation of nursing outcomes classification indicators for oncology nursing. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2020;31(1):28–36. doi:10.1111/2047-3095.12241
Zhang Y, Han X, Li Q, Liu Y. Application of standardized nursing language in clinical nursing practice: a meta-synthesis. J Nurs Manag. 2021;29(5):1092–1102. doi:10.1111/jonm.13249
D’Agostino F, Vellone E, Cocchieri A, Zega M, Fida R, Alvaro R. The relationship between nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes: a systematic review. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2020;31(2):91–101. doi:10.1111/2047-3095.12248
Müller-Staub M, Lavin MA, Needham I, van Achterberg T. Nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes: application and impact on nursing practice. J Adv Nurs. 2008;63(2):147–158. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04690.x
Freire MHS, Costa MAR, Kalinowski LC. The nursing process and professional practice: contributions to care quality. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(Suppl 4):2039–2046. doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0743
Collins SA. Nursing autonomy: its impact on professional practice. Nurs Clin North Am. 2013;48(1):25–35. doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2012.11.005
Sampaio F, Sequeira C, Lluch-Canut T. Nursing care in mental health: use of the nursing process. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2018;27(4):1137–1148. doi:10.1111/inm.12445
Laguna-Parras JM, Delgado-Hito P, Carrasco M. Nursing care plans in mental health settings: an integrative review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2013;20(4):341–352. doi:10.1111/jpm.12003
Zanetti ACG, Bressan V, Merighi MAB. Psychiatric nursing interventions and the nursing process: contributions to mental health care. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2022;29(6):987–995. doi:10.1111/jpm.12841
Kameg BN, Mitchell AM, Clochesy J, Howard V. Psychiatric nursing education and clinical practice: bridging the theory–practice gap. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2021;28(4):633–641. doi:10.1111/jpm.12664
Silva KL, Sena RR, Grillo MJC, Horta NC. Implementation of the nursing process in mental health services. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2020;28:e3338. doi:10.1590/1518-8345.3948.3338
Alshammari MH, Elsayed WA, Alabd A, Siam BG, El-A H, Hassan R. Evaluation of the utilization of nursing process and quality of patient care in Ha’il city, Saudi Arabia. Int J Adv Appl Sci. 2021;8(1):67–74. doi:10.21833/ijaas.2021.01.009
Jovanović VR, Dimoski Z, Stojanović D, Terzić Marković D. Proces zdravstvene nege – dileme usklađivanja izučavanja u nastavi i primene u praksi. In: Zbornik radova VI kongresa sa međunarodnim učešćem Unije udruženja medicinskih sestara i zdravstvenih tehničara Republike Srbije; 2023. p. 32.
Yilak G, Getie A, Fitwi A, Belay AW. Implementation of nursing process and its associated factors among nurses at Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study. Nurs Res Rev. 2022;12:111–119. doi:10.2147/NRR.S368097
Tadzong-Awasum G, Dufashwenayesu A. Implementation of the nursing process in Sub-Saharan Africa: an integrative review of the literature. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2021;14(1):100283. doi:10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100283
Bayih WA, Ayalew MY, Demeke MB, Alemu AY, Birihane BM, Asnakew S, et al. The implementation of nursing process during patient care in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon. 2021;7(5):e06933. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06933
Edmealem A, Fentaw N, Bekele A, Tegegne B, Mohammed J, Liknaw T. Nurses’ implementation of evidence-based practice in nursing process and its associated factors: a mixed-method study. BMC Nurs. 2024;23:782. doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02444-4
Löfgren U, Wälivaara BM, Strömbäck U, Lindberg B. The nursing process: a supportive model for nursing students’ learning during clinical education. Nurse Educ Pract. 2023;72:103747. doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103747
