OSVRT NA PRISUSTVO MIKOTOKSINA U HRANI SA SRPSKOG TRŽIŠTA U PERIODU OD 2005. DO 2022. GODINE
Sažetak
Pregledni rad ima za cilj da prikaže publikacije koje su se bavile analizom prisustva mikotoksina u žitaricama i hrani proizvedenoj u Srbiji u periodu od 2005. godine do danas. U preglednom radu su obrađeni najvažniji koraci u analizi mikotoksina kao što su uzorkovanje, priprema uzoraka, instrumentalna analiza i raspodela koncentracija kvantifikovanih mikotoksina u matriksima od interesa. Takođe, poseban osvrt dat је na poređenje određenih koncentracija mikotoksina sa regulativom Evropske unije koja definiše maksimalno dozvoljene sadržaje u hrani i hrani za životinje. Pregledni rad ukazuje na važnost primene multi-mikotoskin metoda u analizi mikotoksina pri čemu se dobijaju podaci o istovremenom prisustvu većeg broja mikotoksina u ispitivanim uzorcima. Time se dobija realnija slika o mogućim štetnim uticajima višekomponentne kontaminacije uzoraka po zdravlje humane populacije u Srbiji. Najčešće korišćena tehnika u analizi mikotoksina do sada je bila ELISA, a sledeća u nizu je ultrapritisna tečna hromatografija sa trostrukim kvadruponim masenim analizatorom. Najveći broj istraživanja sprovedenih u Srbiji u periodu od 2005. godine do danas bio je usmeren na analizu mikotoksina u kukuruzu, pšenici, mleku i mlečnim proizvodima. Retke su studije koje su se bavile analizom specifičnih matriksa kao što su orašasti plodovi, suvo voće, biskviti, začini. Pregledom dostupne literature ustanovljeno je da je kontaminacija mleka i mlečnih proizvoda aflatoksinom M1 (AFM1), koja se desila početkom 2013. godine, bila jedna od najvećih pretnji po zdravlje stanovništa u Srbiji kada se uzme u obzir prisustvo regulisanih mikotoksina u hrani. Kontaminacija mleka i mlečnih proizvoda AFM1 bila je posledica kontaminacije hrane za životinje aflatoksinom B1, koja se desila 2012. godine, usled nepovoljnih klimatskih uslova. Nadalje, dostupna literatura ukazala je da ne postoji veliki broj studija koje su se pored prisustva regulisanih mikotoksina, bavile i utvrđivanjem prisustva „maskiranih“ i „novootkrivenih“ mikotoskina u hrani sa srpskog tržišta.
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