SASTAV MIKRONUTRIJENATA PROIZVODA MLEVENJA TRADICIONALNIH SORTI PŠENICE POREKLOM IZ SRBIJE
Sažetak
Nedostatak mikronutrijenata u ljudskoj ishrani predstavlja globalni problem. Cilj ovog rada je određivanje sadržaja dva esencijalna metala, gvožđa (Fe) i cinka (Zn) u frakcijama dobijenim pri mlevenju tradicionalnih starih sorti pšenice koje se nisu proizvodile više od pola veka u cilju pronalaženja frakcije sa visokim sadržajem esencijalnih metala koje bi poslužile za oplemenjivanje. Kod sedam starih srpskih sorti pšenica određeni su sledeći parametri veličine zrna: sadržaj pepela, masa hiljadu zrna i udeo specifičnih frakcija zrna. Crnozrna, Rumska crvenka i Stara banatka bile su odabrane sorte kao najpogodnije za mlevenje radi kvantitativnog određivanja sadržaja Fe i Zn u dobijenim frakcijama. Mlevenje je izvršeno na laboratorijskom mlinu da bi se dobilo šest proizvoda mlevanja i dva nusproizvoda, a sadržaj Fe i Zn određen je atomskim apsorpcionim spektrometrom sa grafitnom kivetom. Namešavanjem šest proizvoda mlevenja svake sorte dobijene su tri različite vrste brašna. Najveći sadržaj pepela određen je za brašno tip „1100“, dobijeno iz sorte Stare banatke, koje je takođe imao najveći sadržaj Fe i Zn (54,9 mg/kg s.m. i 5,407 mg/kg s.m., redom). Konzumiranjem standardne porcije hleba u Srbiji (166 g/danu) dobijene od brašna Stare banatke bilo bi moguće obezbediti oko 90% preporučenog dnevnog unosa Fe. Stoga, Stara banatka predstavlja sortu koja bi mogla da bude izvor visokog sadržaja Fe i da se koristi za oplemenjivanje radi stavranja novih linija pšenice sa visokim sadržajem ovog minerala.
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