EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SNOW BANK FORMATION DURING MILLING AND ROTARY SNOW BLOWER OPERATION
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to identify basic regularities of snow bank formation when using milling and rotary snow blowers. The study of the mechanism of snow bank formation was based on experimental investigations of the throwing machine rotor of the low-powered milling and rotary snow blower. Moistened sawdust was used as artificial snow. As the result of the conducted investigations, the nature of the snow bank formation has been determined and the regression equations for the distribution of the number of particles, total mass and average mass of individual particles of the material simulating one specific type of snow along the length of the snow bank have been obtained. The relative amount of the material transported by the rotor in relation to the total amount of material loaded into the rotor for the specified geometric and kinematic parameters of the rotor of the throwing machine has been found. The dependencies obtained make it possible to carry out simulation and visualization of snow bank formation during snow clearing operations, to choose the most rational parameters of the throwing machine of the milling and rotary snow blower, as well as to specify the strategy of snow clearing operations with the application of milling and rotary snow blowers.
References
Ayon, B. D., Ofori-Amoah, B., Meng, L., Oh, J.-S., Baker, K. (2020). Modeling the effects of lake-effect snow related weather conditions on daily traffic crashes: A time series count data approach. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 144, 105510. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105510
Qin, Y., Zhu, L., Zhang, Z., Kou, L., Cheng, X. (2015). Railway Disaster Prevention and Snow Survey Design Optimization Technology. The Open Automation and Control Systems Journal, 7, 1895–1902. doi: 10.2174/1874444301507011895
Muthumani, A. (2014). Strategies for Snow and Ice Control at Extreme Temperatures: Review of Current Practice. Transportation Research Board 93rd Annual Meeting, 14 – 4014.
Labelle, A., Langevin, A., Campbell, J.F. (2002). Sector design for snow removal and disposal in urban areas. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 36, 183–202. doi: 10.1016/S0038- 0121(01)00024-6
Tverdokhlebov, V. A. (2016). Determination of the rational structure of the transport and technological complex involved in the snow-clearing. Intellect. Innovations. Investments, 6, 120–124.
Trofimova, I. F. (2011). Determination of the optimal number of snowplows for the mechanized cleaning of the city highways and airfields from the new-fallen snow. Bulletin of Moscow Automobile and Road Construction University (MADI), 1, 91–94.
Perrier, N., Langevin, A., Campbell, J. F. (2006). A survey of models and algorithms for winter road maintenance. Part II: System design for snow disposal. Computers & Operations Research, 33(1), 239–262. doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2004.07.007
Campbell, J. F., Langevin, A. (1995). The Snow Disposal Assignment Problem. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 46, 919–929. doi: 10.1057/jors.1995.131
Dunin, A. K. (1963). Mechanics of snow-storms. Publishing House of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk.
Sundsbo, P. A., Hansen, E. W. N. (1996). Numerical modeling and simulation of snow-drift around fences. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Snow Engineering. Sendai.
Bang, B., Nielsen, A., Sundsbø, P. A., Wiik, T. (1994). Computer Simulation of Wind Speed, Wind Pressure and Snow Accumulation around Buildings (SNOW-SIM). Energy and Buildings, 21, 235–243. doi: 10.1016/0378-7788(94)90039-6
Du, S., Petrie, J., Shi, X. (2017). Use of Snow Fences to Reduce the Impacts of Snowdrifts on Highways: Renewed Perspective. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2613, 45–51. doi: 10.3141/2613-06
Sato, M., Hansen, J. E., McCormick, M. P., Pollack, J. B. (1993). Stratospheric aerosol optical depths, 1850-1990. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 22987–22994. doi: 10.1029/93JD02553
Kang, L., Zhou, X., Hooff, T., Blocken, B., Gu, M. (2018). CFD simulation of snow transport over flat, uniformly rough, open terrain: Impact of physical and computational parameters. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 177, 213–226. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2018.04.014
Du, S., Petrie, J., Shi, X. (2017). Use of Snow Fences to Reduce the Impacts of Snowdrifts on Highways: Renewed Perspective. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2613, 45–51. doi: 10.3141/2613-06
Beyers, M., Sundsbø, P. A., Harms, T. (2004). Numerical simulation of three-dimensional, transient snow drifting around a cube. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 92, 725–747. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2004.03.011
Yu, Z.-X., Zhu, F., Cao, R. Z., Xiaoxiao, C., Zhao, L., Zhao, S. (2019). Wind tunnel tests and CFD simulations for snow redistribution on roofs 3D stepped flat roofs. Wind and Structures, 28, 31–47. doi: 10.12989/was.2019.28.1.031
Beyers, M., Sundsbø, P. A., Harms, T. (2004). Numerical simulation of three-dimensional, transient snow drifting around a cube. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 92, 725–747. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2004.03.011
Hayashi, K., Nakamura, H., Watano, S. (2020). Numerical study on granule aggregation and breakage in fluidized bed granulation by a novel PBM with DEM-CFD coupling approach. Powder Technology, 360, 1321–1336. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.11.027
Boutanios, Z. (2018). Two-way Coupled Eulerian-Eulerian Finite Volume Simulation of Drifting Snow. PhD thesis.
Zhao, L., Yu, Z., Zhu, F., Qi, X., Zhao, S. (2016). CFD-DEM modeling of snowdrifts on stepped flat roofs. Wind and Structures, 23(6), 523–542. doi: 10.12989/was.2016.23.6.523
Zheng, Z., Zang, M., Chen, S., Zhao, C. (2016). An improved 3D DEM-FEM contact detection algorithm for the interaction simulations between particles and structures. Powder Technology, 305, 308–322. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.09.076
Zhang, Q., Xu, W.-ya & Liu, Q.-Y., Meng, Q. (2017). A novel non-overlapping approach to accurately represent 2D arbitrary particles for DEM modelling. Journal of Central South University, 24, 190–202. doi: 10.1007/s11771-017-3420-1
Tominaga, Y. (2018). Computational fluid dynamics simulation of snowdrift around buildings: Past achievements and future perspectives. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 150, 2–1410. doi: 1016/j.coldregions.2017.05.004
Huber, C., Weigand, B., Reister, H., Binner, T. (2015). Modeling and Numerical Calculation of Snow Particles Entering the Air Intake of an Automobile. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems, 8(2), 538–545. doi: 10.4271/2015-01-1342.10.4271/2015-01-1342
Li, C., Lim, K., Berk, T., Abraham, A., Heisel, M., Guala, M., Coletti, F., Hong, J. (2020). Settling and Clustering of Snow Particles in Atmospheric Turbulence. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.09502.pdf
Guala, M., Manes, C., Clifton, A., Lehning, M. (2008). On the saltation of fresh snow in a wind tunnel: Profile characterization and single particle statistics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113(F3). doi: 10.1029/2007JF000975
Sugiura, K., Nishimura, K., Maeno, N., Kimura, T. (1998). Measurements of snow mass flux and transport rate at different particle diameters in drifting snow. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 27(2), 83–89. doi: 10.1016/S0165-232X(98)00002-0
Qiang, S., Zhou, X., Kosugi, K., Gu, M. (2019). A study of snow drifting on a flat roof during snowfall based on simulations in a cryogenic wind tunnel. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 188, 269–279. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2019.02.022
Willibald, C., Löwe, H., Theile, T., Dual, J., Schneebeli, M. (2020). Angle of repose experiments with snow: role of grain shape and cohesion. Journal of Glaciology. doi: 10.1017/jog.2020.36
Flaga, A., Bosak, G., Pistol, A., Flaga, Ł. (2019). Wind tunnel model tests of snow precipitation and redistribution on rooftops, terraces and in the vicinity of high-rise buildings. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 19(4), 1295–1303. doi: 10.1016/j.acme.2019.07.007
Flaga, A., Flaga, Ł. (2019). Wind tunnel tests and analysis of snow load distribution on three different large size stadium roofs. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 160, 163–175. doi: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.02.002
Eidevåg, T., Abrahamsson, P., Eng, M., Rasmuson, A. (2020). Modeling of dry snow adhesion during normal impact with surfaces. Powder Technology, 361, 1081–1092. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.10.085
Mede, T., Chambon, G., Nicot, F., Hagenmuller, P. (2020). Micromechanical investigation of snow failure under mixed-mode loading. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 199, 95–108. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2020.04.020
Mcclung, D., Borstad, C. (2019). Probabilistic size effect law for mode II fracture from critical lengths in snow slab avalanche weak layers. Journal of Glaciology, 65(249), 157–167. doi: 10.1017/jog.2018.88
Chernak, R., Kustiner, L. E., Phillips, L. (1990). The snowplow problem. The UMAP Journal, 11, 241–250.
Aleshkov, D. S., Sukovin, M. V. (2018). The model of the formation of snow piles at work milling and rotary snowblower. The Eurasian Scientific Journal, 10(6), 58–70. https://esj.today/PDF/13SAVN618.pdf
Zakirov, M. (2020). The research of resistance to snow cutting and moving with an auger of a small-sized rotary-auger snowplow. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 786, 012043. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/786/1/012043
Aleshkov, D., Sukovin, M. (2017). Aerodynamic characteristics of the milling and rotary snowblower feeder in the loading gate area. International Review of Mechanical Engineering, 11(9), 701-708. doi: 10.15866/ireme.v11i9.13832
