IDENTIFICATION OF PACEJKA MODEL PARAMETERS OF A LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE TIRE FOR DYNAMIC RESEARCH
Abstract
This article is devoted to the research of the interaction of the wheel of a GAZ light commercial vehicle with a hard supporting surface. The relevance of this problem is due to the need to adequately reproduce the force reactions acting on the tire in the contact patch, when modelling the vehicle dynamics. High similarity of the real process and its modelling are guaranteed if there is a significant empirical data set for a particular tire model, which can be ensured only by the results of field tests. Specialists from Nizhniy Novgorod State Technical University have developed a schematic diagram of a road measuring unit, a test methodology and built testing unit as well as conducted full-scale tests. The experiment was conducted in the auto racing track at an ambient air temperature of 20 °C on a dry road asphalt surface with a high friction coefficient (0.4 – 0.8). The resulting array of experimental data was processed and presented in numerical trigonometric polynomials form (PAC 2002). The table comparing theoretical and experimental values presented in the results of this article confirms the high level of convergence. The maximum discrepancy in absolute value does not exceed 5%.
References
Knoroz, V. I. (1976). Work of an automobile tire. Transport, Moscow.
Pomoni, M., Plati, C., Kane, M., Loizos, A. (2022). Polishing behavior of asphalt surface course containing recycled materials. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, vol. 11, no. 4, 711-725, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2021.09.004.
Pacejka, H. (2005). Tyre and vehicle dynamics. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Zhileykin, M. M., Padalkin B.V. (2016). A mathematical model of rolling an elastic wheel on a rough rigid support base. News of higher educational institutions. Mechanical engineering, no. 3 (672), 24-29.
Raklyar, A. M. (1978). Investigation of road diagrams of the autopolygon. Ph.D. dissertation. Moscow Automotive Institute, Moscow.
Kovrigin, V. A. (2014). Improving the safety of cars in conditions operation based on the analysis of the grip characteristics of their tires with ice. Ph.D. dissertation. Siberian State Automobile and Road Academy, Omsk.
Pacejka, H. (2006). Tyre and vehicle dynamics. Butterworth, Heinemann, Oxford.
Ivanov, A. M., Kristalny, S. R., Popov, N. V., Fomichev, V. A. (2017). Determination of the grip characteristics of studded tires with withdrawal. Journal of Automotive Engineers, no. 6, 14-20.
Ivanov, A. M., Borisevich, V. B., Kristalny, S. R., Popov, N. V., Fomichev, V. A. (2018). Coupling characteristics of studded tires with withdrawal. Automotive Industry, no. 8, 34-39.
Kissai, M., Monsuez, B., Tapus, A., Martinez, D. (2017). A new linear tire model with varying parameters. Materials of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Engineering (ICITE), Singapore, DOI: ff10.1109/ICITE.2017.8056891.
Nemchinov, M. V. (1985). Coupling qualities of road coatings and vehicle traffic safety. Transport, Moscow.
Mitschke, A. (1981). Structure and effect of the ABS anti-lock braking system for commercial vehicles. Automotive Industry, no. 9, 439-446.
Petersen, E., Reinecke, E., Liermann, P. (1986). Antilock-braking system (ABS) with integrated drive slip control (ASR) for commercial vehicles. SAE transactions, vol. 95, 975-987.
Zhang, X., Liang, H., Wang, X., Qiang Li. (2022). Integrated direct yaw control and antislip regulation mixed control of distributed drive electric vehicle using cosimulation methodology. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2022 6749649, DOI: 10.1155/2022/6749649.
Santini, S., Albarella, N., Arricale, V. M., Brancati, R., Sakhnevych, A. (2021). On-board road friction estimation technique for autonomous driving vehicle-following maneuvers. Applied Science, no. 11 2197, DOI: 10.3390/ app11052197.
Chen, Z., Wu, Y., Li, F. (2020). Integrated control of differential braking and active aerodynamic control for improving high-speed stability of vehicles. International Journal of Automotive Technology, vol. 21, no. 1, 61-70, DOI: 10.1007/s12239-020-0007-x.
Ružinskas, A., Sivilevičius, A. (2017). Magic formula tyre model application for a tyre-ice interaction. Procedia Engineering, vol. 187, 335-341, DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.383.
Metzler, M., Tavernini, D., Gruber, P., Sorniotti, A. (2021). On prediction model fidelity in explicit nonlinear model predictive vehicle stability control. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 29, no. 5, 1964-1980, DOI: 10.1109/TCST.2020.3012683.
Fedotov, A. I., Kuznetsov, N. Yu., Lysenko, A. V., Tikhov-Tinnikov, D. A. (2016). Tire tester for studying the characteristics of elastic tires when the wheel is moving with a slip. Bulletin of ISTU, vol. 109, no. 2, 123-126.
Fedotov, A. I., Markov, A. S., Makhno, A. E., Vikulov, M. A. (2019). Influence of tire tread pattern wear on characteristics of its longitudinal adhesion with bearing surface. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 632, 012026, DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/632/1/012026.
Vavro, J., Vavro, J. Jr., Kováčiková, P., Híreš, J. (2018). The experimental measurement of the tyre casing defects for the freight vehicles at the dynamic loading. MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 157, 05022, DOI: 0.1051/matecconf/201815705022.
Schacht, A., Fabender, S., Oeser, M. (2018). Development of an acoustically optimized multi-layer surface-system based on synthetics. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, vol. 7, no. 3, 217-227, DOI:10.1016/j.ijtst.2018.03.001.
Kristalny, S. R., Popov, N. V., Fomichev, V. A., Zadvornov, V. N. (2013). The principle of creating a tire tester based on a serial passenger car. Journal of Automotive Engineers, no. 5, 38-45.
Harsh, D., Shyrokau, B. (2019). Tire model with temperature effects for formula SAE vehicle. Applied Science, no. 9, 5328, DOI: 10.3390/app9245328.
Tumasov, A. V., Vashurin, A. S., Trusov, Y. P., Toropov, E. I., Moshkov, P. S., Kryaskov, V. S., Vasilyev, A. S. (2019). The application of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation for evaluation of active safety of vehicles equipped with electronic stability control (ESC) systems. Procedia computer science, no. 9, 309-315, DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2019.02.057.
Albinsson, A., Bruzelius, F., Jacobson, B., Bakker, E. (2014). Evaluation of vehicle-based tyre testing methods. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D, Journal of Automobile Engineering , vol. 233, no. 1, 4-17.
Kristalny, S. R., Zadvornov, V. N., Popov, N. V., Fomichev, V. A. (2014). Passenger car – tire tester. Automotive industry, no. 1, 34-36.
Zuraulis, V., Garbincius, G., Skackauskas, P., Prentkovskis, O. (2020). Experimental study of winter tyre usage according to tread depth and temperature in vehicle braking performance. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 44, 83-91, DOI: 10.1007/s40997-018-0243-0.
Widner, A., Tihanyi, V., Tettamanti, T. (2022). Framework for Vehicle Dynamics Model Validation. IEEE Access, vol. 10, 35422-35436, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3157904.
Holzschuher, C., Choubane, B., Lee, H. S. (2010). Measuring friction of patterned and textured pavements a comparative study. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, no. 2155, 91-98, DOI: 10.3141/2155-10.
Chen, W., Tan, D., Zhao, L. (2018). Vehicle sideslip angle and road friction estimation using online gradient descent algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 67, no. 12, 11475-11485, DOI: 10.1109/TT.2018.2875459.
Yu, H., Cheli, F., Castelli-Dezza, F. (2018). Optimal design and control of 4-iwd electric vehicles based on a 14-dof vehicle model. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 67, no. 11, 10457-10469, DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2018.2870673.
Zhang, K., Zhang, Y., Xu, P. (2021). An algorithm for parameter identification of semi-empirical tire model. SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH, vol. 5, no. 3, 379-396, DOI: 10.4271/10-05-03-0026.
Toropov, E. I., Vashurin, A. S., Tumasov, A. V., Vasiliev, A. A. (2019). Verification of the methodology of virtual-physical studies of the dynamics of the curvilinear movement of vehicles based on the results of road tests. Proceedings of the NNSTU, no. 2, 210-216.