ESTIMATION OF HEAT FLUX CAUSED BY SOLAR IRRADIATION ON A DRIVER OF PASSENGER CAR USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION
Abstract
In this paper, the influence of solar radiation direction and intensity on thermal flux on passenger vehicle driver's body was analysed. The analysis was carried out on a virtual model of a vehicle cabin. The results showed that the highest heat flux caused by solar radiation could occur when the sun is shining in the front of the vehicle, as proposed in standard ISO 14505-2: 2008. Under these conditions, driver's chest is the segment with the highest heat flux. The unfavourable situation due to highly asymmetric thermal condition is also when the sun is shining on the left side of the cabin. From that reason, paying attention to solar characteristics of glass and to design of air distribution system in such way that air-conditioner vents can be directed to areas with the highest fluxes is an efficient way to reduce the driver's and passenger's thermal stress.
References
/1/ Bohm, M., Holmer, I., Nilsson, H., Noren, O. (2002): Thermal Effects of Glazing in Driver's Cabs, JTI-rapport, JTI - Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden
/2/ Daanen, H.A.M., van de Vliert, E., Huang, X. (2005): Driving performance in cold, warm and thermoneutral environments, Applied Ergonomics, 34, pp. 597-602.
/3/ Dadour, I.R., Almanjahie, I., Fowkes, N.D., Keady, G., Vijayan, K. (2011): Temperature Variations in a Parked Vehicle, Forensic Science International, 207, pp. 205-211
/4/ Glišović, J. Demić, M., Miloradović, M. (2011): Review of Virtual Reality Applications for Reducing Time and Cost of Vehicle Development Cycle, Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 9(3), pp. 361-372
/5/ Han, T., Huang L. (2005): A Sensitivity Study of Occupant Thermal Comfort in a Cabin Using Virtual Thermal Comfort Engineering, 2005 SAE World Congress, SAE Tech. paper 2005-01-1509, Detroit, USA
/6/ Huizenga, C., Zhang, H., Mattelaer, P., Yu, T., Arens, E., Lyons, P. (2006): Window Performance for Human Thermal Comfort, Final Report to the National Fenestration Rating Council, Center for the Built Environment, University of California, Berkeley, USA
/7/ Incropera, F. P., DeWitt, D. P. (1981): Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer, New York: John Wiley & Sons
/8/ Lee, W.J., Jang, E.Y., Lee, S.H., Ryou, H.S., Choi, S., Kim, Y. (2013): Influence of the spectral solar radiation on the air flow and temperature distributions in a passenger compartment, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 75, pp. 36-44
/9/ Ognjanović, M. (2008): Design in Mechanical Engineering - Multidisciplinary Approach, Istraživanja i projektovanja za privredu, 20, pp. 15-22
/10/ Parsons, K. (2003) Human thermal environments: The effects of hot, moderate and cold environments on human health, comfort and performance, 2nd ed., London: Taylor & Francis
/11/ Rugh, J. & Farrington, R. (2008): Vehicle Ancillary Load Reduction Project Close-Out Report, Technical Report NREL/TP-540-42454, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, USA
/12/ Ružić, D. (2010): Improvement of thermal comfort in a passenger car by localized air distribution, 11th International Symposium "Interdisciplinary Regional Research ISIRR 2010", Szeged 13-15 October, Abstracts, pp. 210-210
/13/ Ružić, D., Bikić, S. (2013): An approach to the modeling of a virtual thermal manikin, Thermal Science, DOI:10.2298/TSCI130115115R, OnLine-First,
/14/ Ružić, D., Časnji, F. (2011): Agricultural tractor cab characteristics relevant for microclimatic conditions, Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 9(2), pp. 323-330
/15/ Ružić, D., Časnji, F. (2012) Thermal Interaction Between a Human Body and a Vehicle Cabin, Heat Transfer Phenomena and Applications, Rijeka: InTech, pp. 295-318
/16/ Ružić, D., Časnji F., Muzikravić V. (2007): Karakteristike stakla kao faktor od uticaja na mikroklimu u traktorskoj kabini, Traktori i pogonske mašine, 12(4), pp. 92-97
/17/ *** (2008) ISO 14505-2: 2008, Ergonomics of the thermal environment – Evaluation of the thermal environment in vehicles, Part 2: Determination of equivalent temperature
/18/ *** (2013) Saint-Gobain Sekurit, Glazing Manual, http://www.saint-gobain-sekurit.com/en/downloads, retrieved on January 15th, 2013
/19/ *** (2011) STAR-CCM+, User Guide, CD-Adapco
