WHAT DO STRESS CALCULATIONS REVEAL ABOUT SURFACED GEAR TEETH?

  • Toty Buzauova Department of Technological Equipment, Mechanical Engineering and Standardization, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Karaganda Technical University named after Abulkas Saginov, Karaganda, Kazakhstan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-6274
  • Baglan Smailova Department of Technological Equipment, Mechanical Engineering and Standardization, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Karaganda Technical University named after Abulkas Saginov, Karaganda, Kazakhstan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4506-6815
  • Elena Malashkevichute-Brillant Department of Nanotechnology and Metallurgy, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Karaganda Technical University named after Abulkas Saginov, Karaganda, Kazakhstan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-0788
Keywords: stress-strain status, clad tooth, electro-slag cladding, contact stress, tooth position angle

Abstract


The paper focuses on the calculation of cylindrical gear transmissions using analytical and numerical methods to determine contact and bending stresses. The results of analytical calculations are compared with numerical modeling data obtained using the Ansys Workbench software environment. A comparative analysis of the results is conducted, and discrepancies between the calculations are identified. Special attention is given to the analysis of stresses in surfaced gear teeth compared to solid ones. Unlike standard calculations for solid gears, this study focuses on the stress-strain state of surfaced teeth, taking into account their operational properties. For a more detailed analysis, the concept of the 'tooth contact angle position - y' is introduced, which allowed for an in-depth investigation of its stress-strain state. The obtained results help identify the specific behavior of restored teeth under load, which is particularly relevant for developing gear transmission restoration technologies and assessing their durability. Considering the operational properties of surfaced teeth enables a more accurate evaluation of their strength characteristics. This study is aimed at assessing the strength properties of gear transmissions with surfaced teeth and can be used to optimize their design.

References

Smailova, B. K., Buzauova, T. M., Bartenev, I. A., & Davletova, K. Restoration of large modular teeth of ball mill gears by electro-slag surface. Journal of Applied Engineering Science 2024, 22(2), 483–491. https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-49369.Kantute, Sh. V., & Wankhede, P. R. Design and analysis of stress for spur gear. International Journal of Advance Scientific Research and Engineering Trends 2020, 5(12), 6–10.

Bekheet, N. Involute gear tooth stresses analysis using finite element modeling. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences 2017, 34(1), 269–284.

Wen, Q., Du, Q., & Zhai, X. An analytical method for calculating the tooth surface contact stress of spur gears with tip relief. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 2019, 151, 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2018.11.007.

Vouaillat, G., Noyel, J.-P., Ville, F., Kleber, X., & Rathery, S. From Hertzian contact to spur gears: Analyses of stresses and rolling contact fatigue. Mechanics & Industry 2019, 20, 626. https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2019064.

Azemi, F., Pllana, G., Terbunja, M., & Maloku, B. Stress-strain analysis of the spur gear of the gearbox reduction of the working wheel of the excavator SCHRS 1300 24/5.0 using CAD/CAE software. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering 2016, 4(5), 24–28.

Mahendran, S., Eazhil, K. M., & Senthil Kumar, L. Design and analysis of composite spur gear. RSIS 2014,1(6), 42–53.

Jasem, M. A., & Krauinsh, P. Ya. Analysis of the stress-strain state under static load of face wave kinematic reducer. Bulletin of Irkutsk State Technical University 2019, 23(5), 854–862. https://doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2019-5-854-862.

Kantute, Sh. V., & Wankhede, P. R. Design and analysis of stress for spur gear. International Journal of Advance Scientific Research and Engineering Trends 2020, 5(12), 6–10.

Ahmed, B. A. Identifying the influence of dimensional parameters on the stresses and deformations of two helical gears. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2022, 5/7(119), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.266261.

Gajender, V. R., & Jeyapoovan, T. Design and stress-strain analysis of composite spur gear in the automobile. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology 2016, 5(5), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.51011.

[Ram, B. S., & Sir, P. Design modeling & stress-strain analysis of composite spur gear used in automobile. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2018, 7(5), 161–172.

Husaini, & Dawud, D. M. Numerical analysis of stress causing fracture failure in the gear transmission system applied on agricultural machinery equipment. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019, 1351(1), 012021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1351/1/012021.

Manickaraj, K., Rajesh Kumar, T., & Subhash, SStress analysis of spur gear drive using finite element method by varying pressure angle. International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology 2014. 1(9), 113–116.

Singh, J. P. Stress analysis of spur gear using Ansys. International Journal of Novel Research and Development 2023, 8(6), 113–135.

Thu, M. P., & Min, N. L. 2018. Stress analysis on spur gears using ANSYS Workbench 16.0. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 7(8), 208–213.

Ramakrishna, Ch., Anil, Y., Kumar, M. N. V. R. L., & Kiran, R. U. Typical stress & deflection analysis of spur gear in spur gear assembly. International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering 2016, 3(2/3), 192–207.

Franulovic, M., Markovic, K., & Herceg, Z. Stress-strain response in gears tooth root due to low cycle fatigue. MATEC Web of Conferences, 2019. 287, 02002. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928702002.

Zorko, D., Tavčar, J., & Duhovnik, J. The influence of the tooth profile shape on the stress-strain state in the gear. Machines. Technologies. Materials, 2018, 4, 153–156.

Ingole, G. B., Wadkar, S. B., & Watwisave, D. S. Analysis of stress relieving features of asymmetric spur gear. International Journal of Innovation in Engineering, Research and Technology, ICITDCEME’15 Conference Proceedings, 2015 (37). 1–6.

Dong, Sh., Luan, Zh., & Ma, Ch. Finite element analysis of single pair gear tooth root crack. 7th International Symposium on Test Automation and Instrumentation, 2019(23), 9166–9169.

Vigneshwaran, K., Shanmugam, D., & Balasuthagar, C. Experimental and analytical stress analysis of spur gear. 3rd International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ICAME) 2020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/912/2/022043.

Mozharovsky, V. V., Kirhintsava, S. V. Calculation of the stress-strain state of gear teeth made of composite and functional gradient materials. Problems of Physics, Mathematics and Technics 2023, 1(54), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.54341/20778708_2023_1_54_31.

Ramachandra, P. M., Sutar, S., & Mohan Kumara, G. C. Stress analysis of a gear using photoelastic method and finite element method: Review. International Conference on Materials and Sustainable Manufacturing Technology, 65(8), 3820–3828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.579.

Velgodskaia, T. V., Ivanov, V. V., & Gadzhiev, I. A. Analysis of the stress-strain state of the gear in the traction gearbox of the 2TE10L locomotive. Meždunarodnyj naučno-issledovatel'skij žurnal, 2012, 5, 82–85.

Li, Q., & Xie, L. Analysis and optimization of tooth surface contact stress of gears with tooth profile deviations, meshing errors, and lead crowning modifications based on finite element method and Taguchi method. Metals, 2020, 10(1370), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10101370.

Matejic, M., Blagojevic, M., Disic, A., Milovanovic, M., & Miletic, I. A dynamic analysis of the cycloid disc stress-strain state. Applied Sciences 2023, 13(4390). https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074390.

Gonzalez-Perez, I., & Fuentes-Aznar, A. Implementation of a finite element model for stress analysis of gear drives based on multi-point constraints. Mechanism and Machine Theory 2017, 117, 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2017.07.005.

Wang, J., Wang, Y., & Huo, Z. 2013. Finite element residual stress analysis of planetary gear tooth. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 2013, 12 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/761957.

External spur gear root bending stress: A comparison of ISO 6336-2006, AGMA 2101-D04, ANSYS finite element analysis and strain gauge techniques.

Husaini. 2019. Numerical analysis of stress causing fracture failure in the gear transmission system applied on an agricultural machinery equipment. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1351(1), 012021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1351/1/012021.

Patil, S. S., Karuppanan, S., & Atanasovska, I. Experimental measurement of strain and stress state at the contacting helical gear pairs. Measurement 2016, 82, 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.12.046.

Patchigolla, R., & Singh, Y. P. Finite element analysis of large spur gear tooth and rim with and without web effects - Part I. ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference Southern University and A & M College, 2006.11 pages.

Gajender, V. R., & Jeyapoovan, T. Design and stress-strain analysis of composite spur gear in automobile. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology 2016, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.51011.

Creţu, S., Pop, N., & Cazan, S. Tooth contact analysis of spur gears. Part 1: SAM analysis of standard gears. MATEC Web of Conferences, 112, 07015. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201711207015.

Nikolić, V., Dolićanin, Ć., & Dimitrijević, D. Dynamic model for the stress and strain state analysis of a spur gear transmission. Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2012. 58(1), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2009.128.

Brailko, N. N., Tkachenko, I. M., Kovalenko, V. V., Lemeshko, A. V., Fenko, A. G., Kozak, R. V., & Kalashnikov, D. V. Investigation of stress-strain state of “restoration & tooth” system in wedge-shaped defects by computed modeling method. Wiadomości Lekarskie 2021. 74(9), 1. https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek202109116.

Singh, J., & Tyagi, M. R. Analysis of stresses and deflections in spur gear. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), 2017. 8(4), 461–473.

Hochrein, J.-F., Otto, M., & Stahl, K. Face gear drives: Nominal contact stress calculation for flank load carrying capacity evaluation. Mechanism and Machine Theory 2024, 195, 105573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2024.105573.

Czakó, A., Řehák, K., Prokop, A., Rekem, J., Láštic, D., & Trochta, M. Static transmission error measurement of various gear-shaft systems by finite element analysis. Journal of Measurements in Engineering 2024, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2023.23843.

Vinogradov, B. V., & Fedin, D. A. Features of calculating open gear drives for strength. Bulletin of NTU "KPI", 2015. (34), 19–25.

Buzauova, T. M., Sarbaev, D. A., Smailova, B. K., Toleubayeva, Sh.. Analysis of the stress-strain state of the surfaced tooth in the T-FLEX CAD application program. Material and Mechanical Engineering Technology 2024, (4), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.52209/2706-977X_2024_3_17.

GOST 21354–87. External involute gear transmissions. Moscow: Standards Publishing House, 1987. 129 pages.

GOST 4543–71. Rolled products made of alloyed structural steel. Moscow: Standards Publishing House, 2008. 41 pages.

GOST 19281–2014. High-strength rolled products. Moscow: Standartinform, 2021. 71 pages.

GOST 380–2005. Carbon steel of ordinary quality. Moscow: Standartinform, 2009. 11 pages.

More, S. T., & Bindu, R. S. Effect of mesh size on finite element analysis of plate structure. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology, 2015, 4(3), 181–185.

Pisarenko, G. S., Agarev, V. A., & Kvitka, A. L. Soprotivlenie materialov (5th edition). Kiev: Vysshaya shkola. 1986; pp. 32–58.

Iosilevich, G. B. Stress concentration in machine parts. Moscow: Mechanical Engineering. 1981. 320 pages.

Published
2025/08/25
Section
Original Scientific Paper