A The Effect Of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Concent On The Diagnosis Of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Meta-Analysis Study
Keywords:
Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Concent, Iron Deficiency Anemia, Transferrin saturation, Mean Corpus Volume, Ferritin, Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia worldwide and has many negative effects on life quality. This meta-analysis study aims to show reticulocyte hemoglobin concent (CHr) is more effective than routinely used parameters in the diagnosis of IDA.
Methods: Comprehensive and systematic research was done using international databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, which contain all articles published on IDA until December 29, 2020. Seventeen articles were included in the meta-analysis.
Results: The analyses found the Cohend’s d effect size (Standardized Mean Difference) values of the parameters. Accordingly, CHr is 2.84(95% CI 2.36 to 3.31), mean corpus volume (MCV) is 2.46 (95% CI 1.97 to 2.95), ferritin is 2.37(95% CI 1.63 to 3.11), and transferrin saturation (TSAT) is 3.76(95% CI 2.14 to 5.38). To diagnose IDA, the sensitivity value of the CHr concentration was found as 83.5% (95% CI 76.1 to 89.8), specificity value to be 91.8% (95% CI 85.5 to 96.4), and mean cut-off value as 28.2 pg.
Conclusion: This study is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the efficiency of CHr in the diagnosis of IDA. The results of our study reveal that; CHr level is a better biomarker than MCV and ferritin used in the determination of IDA, and its selectivity was found to be lower than that of TSAT. The groups in the study are heterogeneous but contain bias. Meta-analyses of studies with less heterogeneity of CHr are needed.
References
REFERENCES
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2. ASLAN Y. , Erduran E. , MOCAN H., GEDIK Y. , OKTEN A. N. , SOYLU H. DO. No Title. Absorpt iron from grape-molasses Ferr sulfate A Comp study Norm Subj Subj with iron Defic anemia. 1997;39:465–71.
3. Guralnik JM, Eisenstaedt RS, Ferrucci L, Klein HG, Woodman RC. Prevalence of anemia in persons 65 years and older in the United States: evidence for a high rate of unexplained anemia. Blood [Internet]. 2004 Oct 15;104(8):2263–8. Available from: https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/104/8/2263/19067/Prevalence-of-anemia-in-persons-65-years-and-older
4. Joosten E. Iron deficiency anemia in older adults: A review. Geriatr Gerontol Int [Internet]. 2018 Mar;18(3):373–9. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/ggi.13194
5. Agha F, Sadaruddin A, Khan RA, Ghafoor A. Iron deficiency in adolescents. J Pak Med Assoc [Internet]. 1992 Jan;42(1):3–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1545482
6. McMahon LP. Iron deficiency in pregnancy. Obstet Med [Internet]. 2010 Mar 4;3(1):17–24. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1258/om.2010.100004
7. Kim BSM. Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol [Internet]. 2014;5(4):467. Available from: http://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5330/full/v5/i4/467.htm
8. Brugnara C. Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content to Diagnose Iron Deficiency in Children. JAMA [Internet]. 1999 Jun 16;281(23):2225. Available from: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.281.23.2225
9. Powers JM, Buchanan GR, Adix L, Zhang S, Gao A, McCavit TL. Effect of Low-Dose Ferrous Sulfate vs Iron Polysaccharide Complex on Hemoglobin Concentration in Young Children With Nutritional Iron-Deficiency Anemia. JAMA [Internet]. 2017 Jun 13;317(22):2297. Available from: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2017.6846
10. Ogawa C, Tsuchiya K, Maeda K. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2020 May;504:138–45. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009898120300528
11. Mast AE, Blinder MA, Dietzen DJ. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content. Am J Hematol [Internet]. 2008 Apr;83(4):307–10. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ajh.21090
12. Ullrich C. Screening Healthy Infants for Iron Deficiency Using Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content. JAMA [Internet]. 2005 Aug 24;294(8):924. Available from: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.294.8.924
13. Buttarello M, Pajola R, Novello E, Rebeschini M, Cantaro S, Oliosi F, et al. Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Am J Clin Pathol [Internet]. 2010 Jun 1;133(6):949–54. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ajcp/article-lookup/doi/10.1309/AJCPQAX0JFHFS0OA
14. Chuang C-L. Early prediction of response to intravenous iron supplementation by reticulocyte haemoglobin content and high-fluorescence reticulocyte count in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant [Internet]. 2003 Feb 1;18(2):370–7. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ndt/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ndt/18.2.370
15. Gaweda AE. Markers of iron status in chronic kidney disease. Hemodial Int [Internet]. 2017 Apr;21:S21–7. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/hdi.12556
16. Mittman N, Sreedhara R, Mushnick R, Chattopadhyay J, Zelmanovic D, Vaseghi M, et al. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content predicts functional iron deficiency in hemodialysis patients receiving rHuEPO. Am J Kidney Dis [Internet]. 1997 Dec;30(6):912–22. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272638697901049
17. Majoni SW, Lawton PD, Rathnayake G, Barzi F, Hughes JT, Cass A. Narrative Review of Hyperferritinemia, Iron Deficiency, and the Challenges of Managing Anemia in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians With CKD. Kidney Int Reports [Internet]. 2020 Nov; Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S246802492031706X
18. Whiting PF. QUADAS-2: A Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. Ann Intern Med [Internet]. 2011 Oct 18;155(8):529. Available from: http://annals.org/article.aspx?doi=10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009
19. Pasricha S-R, Drakesmith H. Iron Deficiency Anemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am [Internet]. 2016 Apr;30(2):309–25. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889858815001902
20. Kiudelienė R, Griniūtė R, Labanauskas L. Prognostic value of reticulocyte hemoglobin content to diagnose iron deficiency in 6–24-month-old children. Medicina (B Aires) [Internet]. 2008 Sep 15;44(9):673. Available from: http://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/44/9/673
21. Hempel E V., Bollard ER. The Evidence-Based Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Med Clin North Am [Internet]. 2016 Sep;100(5):1065–75. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025712516372790
22. Turgeon O’Brien H, Blanchet R, Gagné D, Lauzière J, Vézina C. Using Soluble Transferrin Receptor and Taking Inflammation into Account When Defining Serum Ferritin Cutoffs Improved the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in a Group of Canadian Preschool Inuit Children from Nunavik. Anemia [Internet]. 2016;2016:1–10. Available from: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/anemia/2016/6430214/
23. Kassebaum NJ. The Global Burden of Anemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am [Internet]. 2016 Apr;30(2):247–308. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889858815001896
24. Ennis KM, Dahl L V., Rao RB, Georgieff MK. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content as an early predictive biomarker of brain iron deficiency. Pediatr Res [Internet]. 2018 Nov 13;84(5):765–9. Available from: http://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-018-0178-6
25. Lopez A, Cacoub P, Macdougall IC, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Iron deficiency anaemia. Lancet [Internet]. 2016 Feb;387(10021):907–16. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673615608650
26. Mehta S, Goyal LK, Kaushik D, Gulati S, Sharma N, Harshvardhan L, et al. Reticulocyte Hemoglobin vis-a-vis Serum Ferritin as a Marker of Bone Marrow Iron Store in Iron Deficiency Anemia. J Assoc Physicians India [Internet]. 2016;64(11):38–42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27805332
27. Braga F, Infusino I, Dolci A, Panteghini M. Soluble transferrin receptor in complicated anemia. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2014 Apr;431:143–7. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009898114000709
28. Jimenez K, Kulnigg-Dabsch S, Gasche C. Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) [Internet]. 2015 Apr;11(4):241–50. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27099596
29. Fishbane S, Galgano C, Langley RC, Canfield W, Maesaka JK. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content in the evaluation of iron status of hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int [Internet]. 1997 Jul;52(1):217–22. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0085253815601636
30. Karagülle M, Gündüz E, Mutlu FŞ, Akay MO. Clinical Significance of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content in the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Turkish J Hematol [Internet]. 2013 Jun 5;30(2):153–6. Available from: http://www.journalagent.com/z4/download_fulltext.asp?pdir=tjh&plng=eng&un=TJH-59320
31. Duman E, Kulaksızoglu S, Çifçi E, Ozulku M. Is There a Real Correlation Between Red Cell Distribution Width and Peripheral Arterial Disease? J Med Biochem [Internet]. 2017 Aug 28;36(4):309–13. Available from: https://scindeks.ceon.rs/article.aspx?artid=1452-82581704309D
32. Uçar MA, Falay M, Dağdas S, Ceran F, Urlu SM, Özet G. The importance of RET-He in the diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia and the evaluation of response to oral iron therapy. J Med Biochem [Internet]. 2019 Jan 22;38(4):496–502. Available from: https://scindeks.ceon.rs/article.aspx?artid=1452-82581904496A
33. Bahrainwala J, Berns JS. Diagnosis of Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol [Internet]. 2016 Mar;36(2):94–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0270929516000139
34. Rehu M, Ahonen S, Punnonen K. The diagnostic accuracy of the percentage of hypochromic red blood cells (%HYPOm) and cellular hemoglobin in reticulocytes (CHr) in differentiating iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic diseases. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2011 Sep;412(19–20):1809–13. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009898111003160
35. Kotisaari S, Romppanen J, Penttilä I, Punnonen K. The Advia 120 red blood cell and reticulocyte indices are useful in diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia. Eur J Haematol [Internet]. 2002 Mar;68(3):150–6. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1034/j.1600-0609.2002.01532.x
36. Fishbane S, Shapiro W, Dutka P, Valenzuela OF, Faubert J. A randomized trial of iron deficiency testing strategies in hemodialysis patients11See Editorial by Besarab, p. 2412. Kidney Int [Internet]. 2001 Dec;60(6):2406–11. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0085253815481360
37. ERMENS AAM, HOFFMANN JJML, KROCKENBERGER M, Van WIJK EM. New erythrocyte and reticulocyte parameters on CELL-DYN Sapphire: analytical and preanalytical aspects. Int J Lab Hematol [Internet]. 2012 Jun;34(3):274–82. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1751-553X.2011.01391.x
38. Camaschella C. Iron-Deficiency Anemia. Longo DL, editor. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2015 May 7;372(19):1832–43. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1401038
39. Mast AE, Blinder MA, Gronowski AM, Chumley C, Scott MG. Clinical utility of the soluble transferrin receptor and comparison with serum ferritin in several populations. Clin Chem [Internet]. 1998 Jan;44(1):45–51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9550557
40. Ioannou GN, Spector J, Scott K, Rockey DC. Prospective evaluation of a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia. Am J Med [Internet]. 2002 Sep;113(4):281–7. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002934302012263
41. Guyatt GH, Patterson C, Ali M, Levine M, Turpie I, Meyer R, et al. Diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in the elderly. Am J Med [Internet]. 1990 Mar;88(3):205–9. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0002934390901432
42. Bermejo F, García-López S. A guide to diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in digestive diseases. World J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2009;15(37):4638. Available from: http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v15/i37/4638.htm
43. Punnonen K, Irjala K, Rajamäki A. Serum transferrin receptor and its ratio to serum ferritin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Blood [Internet]. 1997 Feb 1;89(3):1052–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9028338
44. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Ali M, Willan A, McIlroy W, Patterson C. Laboratory diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia: an overview. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 7(2):145–53. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1487761
1. Baker RD, Greer FR. Diagnosis and Prevention of Iron Deficiency and Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Infants and Young Children (0-3 Years of Age). Pediatrics [Internet]. 2010 Nov 1;126(5):1040–50. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2010-2576
2. ASLAN Y. , Erduran E. , MOCAN H., GEDIK Y. , OKTEN A. N. , SOYLU H. DO. No Title. Absorpt iron from grape-molasses Ferr sulfate A Comp study Norm Subj Subj with iron Defic anemia. 1997;39:465–71.
3. Guralnik JM, Eisenstaedt RS, Ferrucci L, Klein HG, Woodman RC. Prevalence of anemia in persons 65 years and older in the United States: evidence for a high rate of unexplained anemia. Blood [Internet]. 2004 Oct 15;104(8):2263–8. Available from: https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/104/8/2263/19067/Prevalence-of-anemia-in-persons-65-years-and-older
4. Joosten E. Iron deficiency anemia in older adults: A review. Geriatr Gerontol Int [Internet]. 2018 Mar;18(3):373–9. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/ggi.13194
5. Agha F, Sadaruddin A, Khan RA, Ghafoor A. Iron deficiency in adolescents. J Pak Med Assoc [Internet]. 1992 Jan;42(1):3–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1545482
6. McMahon LP. Iron deficiency in pregnancy. Obstet Med [Internet]. 2010 Mar 4;3(1):17–24. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1258/om.2010.100004
7. Kim BSM. Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol [Internet]. 2014;5(4):467. Available from: http://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5330/full/v5/i4/467.htm
8. Brugnara C. Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content to Diagnose Iron Deficiency in Children. JAMA [Internet]. 1999 Jun 16;281(23):2225. Available from: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.281.23.2225
9. Powers JM, Buchanan GR, Adix L, Zhang S, Gao A, McCavit TL. Effect of Low-Dose Ferrous Sulfate vs Iron Polysaccharide Complex on Hemoglobin Concentration in Young Children With Nutritional Iron-Deficiency Anemia. JAMA [Internet]. 2017 Jun 13;317(22):2297. Available from: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2017.6846
10. Ogawa C, Tsuchiya K, Maeda K. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2020 May;504:138–45. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009898120300528
11. Mast AE, Blinder MA, Dietzen DJ. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content. Am J Hematol [Internet]. 2008 Apr;83(4):307–10. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ajh.21090
12. Ullrich C. Screening Healthy Infants for Iron Deficiency Using Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content. JAMA [Internet]. 2005 Aug 24;294(8):924. Available from: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.294.8.924
13. Buttarello M, Pajola R, Novello E, Rebeschini M, Cantaro S, Oliosi F, et al. Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Am J Clin Pathol [Internet]. 2010 Jun 1;133(6):949–54. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ajcp/article-lookup/doi/10.1309/AJCPQAX0JFHFS0OA
14. Chuang C-L. Early prediction of response to intravenous iron supplementation by reticulocyte haemoglobin content and high-fluorescence reticulocyte count in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant [Internet]. 2003 Feb 1;18(2):370–7. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ndt/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ndt/18.2.370
15. Gaweda AE. Markers of iron status in chronic kidney disease. Hemodial Int [Internet]. 2017 Apr;21:S21–7. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/hdi.12556
16. Mittman N, Sreedhara R, Mushnick R, Chattopadhyay J, Zelmanovic D, Vaseghi M, et al. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content predicts functional iron deficiency in hemodialysis patients receiving rHuEPO. Am J Kidney Dis [Internet]. 1997 Dec;30(6):912–22. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272638697901049
17. Majoni SW, Lawton PD, Rathnayake G, Barzi F, Hughes JT, Cass A. Narrative Review of Hyperferritinemia, Iron Deficiency, and the Challenges of Managing Anemia in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians With CKD. Kidney Int Reports [Internet]. 2020 Nov; Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S246802492031706X
18. Whiting PF. QUADAS-2: A Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. Ann Intern Med [Internet]. 2011 Oct 18;155(8):529. Available from: http://annals.org/article.aspx?doi=10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009
19. Pasricha S-R, Drakesmith H. Iron Deficiency Anemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am [Internet]. 2016 Apr;30(2):309–25. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889858815001902
20. Kiudelienė R, Griniūtė R, Labanauskas L. Prognostic value of reticulocyte hemoglobin content to diagnose iron deficiency in 6–24-month-old children. Medicina (B Aires) [Internet]. 2008 Sep 15;44(9):673. Available from: http://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/44/9/673
21. Hempel E V., Bollard ER. The Evidence-Based Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Med Clin North Am [Internet]. 2016 Sep;100(5):1065–75. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025712516372790
22. Turgeon O’Brien H, Blanchet R, Gagné D, Lauzière J, Vézina C. Using Soluble Transferrin Receptor and Taking Inflammation into Account When Defining Serum Ferritin Cutoffs Improved the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency in a Group of Canadian Preschool Inuit Children from Nunavik. Anemia [Internet]. 2016;2016:1–10. Available from: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/anemia/2016/6430214/
23. Kassebaum NJ. The Global Burden of Anemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am [Internet]. 2016 Apr;30(2):247–308. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889858815001896
24. Ennis KM, Dahl L V., Rao RB, Georgieff MK. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content as an early predictive biomarker of brain iron deficiency. Pediatr Res [Internet]. 2018 Nov 13;84(5):765–9. Available from: http://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-018-0178-6
25. Lopez A, Cacoub P, Macdougall IC, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Iron deficiency anaemia. Lancet [Internet]. 2016 Feb;387(10021):907–16. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673615608650
26. Mehta S, Goyal LK, Kaushik D, Gulati S, Sharma N, Harshvardhan L, et al. Reticulocyte Hemoglobin vis-a-vis Serum Ferritin as a Marker of Bone Marrow Iron Store in Iron Deficiency Anemia. J Assoc Physicians India [Internet]. 2016;64(11):38–42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27805332
27. Braga F, Infusino I, Dolci A, Panteghini M. Soluble transferrin receptor in complicated anemia. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2014 Apr;431:143–7. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009898114000709
28. Jimenez K, Kulnigg-Dabsch S, Gasche C. Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) [Internet]. 2015 Apr;11(4):241–50. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27099596
29. Fishbane S, Galgano C, Langley RC, Canfield W, Maesaka JK. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content in the evaluation of iron status of hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int [Internet]. 1997 Jul;52(1):217–22. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0085253815601636
30. Karagülle M, Gündüz E, Mutlu FŞ, Akay MO. Clinical Significance of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content in the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Turkish J Hematol [Internet]. 2013 Jun 5;30(2):153–6. Available from: http://www.journalagent.com/z4/download_fulltext.asp?pdir=tjh&plng=eng&un=TJH-59320
31. Duman E, Kulaksızoglu S, Çifçi E, Ozulku M. Is There a Real Correlation Between Red Cell Distribution Width and Peripheral Arterial Disease? J Med Biochem [Internet]. 2017 Aug 28;36(4):309–13. Available from: https://scindeks.ceon.rs/article.aspx?artid=1452-82581704309D
32. Uçar MA, Falay M, Dağdas S, Ceran F, Urlu SM, Özet G. The importance of RET-He in the diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia and the evaluation of response to oral iron therapy. J Med Biochem [Internet]. 2019 Jan 22;38(4):496–502. Available from: https://scindeks.ceon.rs/article.aspx?artid=1452-82581904496A
33. Bahrainwala J, Berns JS. Diagnosis of Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol [Internet]. 2016 Mar;36(2):94–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0270929516000139
34. Rehu M, Ahonen S, Punnonen K. The diagnostic accuracy of the percentage of hypochromic red blood cells (%HYPOm) and cellular hemoglobin in reticulocytes (CHr) in differentiating iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic diseases. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2011 Sep;412(19–20):1809–13. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009898111003160
35. Kotisaari S, Romppanen J, Penttilä I, Punnonen K. The Advia 120 red blood cell and reticulocyte indices are useful in diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia. Eur J Haematol [Internet]. 2002 Mar;68(3):150–6. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1034/j.1600-0609.2002.01532.x
36. Fishbane S, Shapiro W, Dutka P, Valenzuela OF, Faubert J. A randomized trial of iron deficiency testing strategies in hemodialysis patients11See Editorial by Besarab, p. 2412. Kidney Int [Internet]. 2001 Dec;60(6):2406–11. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0085253815481360
37. ERMENS AAM, HOFFMANN JJML, KROCKENBERGER M, Van WIJK EM. New erythrocyte and reticulocyte parameters on CELL-DYN Sapphire: analytical and preanalytical aspects. Int J Lab Hematol [Internet]. 2012 Jun;34(3):274–82. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1751-553X.2011.01391.x
38. Camaschella C. Iron-Deficiency Anemia. Longo DL, editor. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2015 May 7;372(19):1832–43. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1401038
39. Mast AE, Blinder MA, Gronowski AM, Chumley C, Scott MG. Clinical utility of the soluble transferrin receptor and comparison with serum ferritin in several populations. Clin Chem [Internet]. 1998 Jan;44(1):45–51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9550557
40. Ioannou GN, Spector J, Scott K, Rockey DC. Prospective evaluation of a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia. Am J Med [Internet]. 2002 Sep;113(4):281–7. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002934302012263
41. Guyatt GH, Patterson C, Ali M, Levine M, Turpie I, Meyer R, et al. Diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in the elderly. Am J Med [Internet]. 1990 Mar;88(3):205–9. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0002934390901432
42. Bermejo F, García-López S. A guide to diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in digestive diseases. World J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2009;15(37):4638. Available from: http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v15/i37/4638.htm
43. Punnonen K, Irjala K, Rajamäki A. Serum transferrin receptor and its ratio to serum ferritin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Blood [Internet]. 1997 Feb 1;89(3):1052–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9028338
44. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Ali M, Willan A, McIlroy W, Patterson C. Laboratory diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia: an overview. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 7(2):145–53. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1487761
Published
2021/06/04
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