Prevalence of factor V gene G1691A (Leiden)- factor V gene H1299R mutations and prothrombin gene G20210A mutations in Turkish population
Factor V G1691A-H1299R and Prothrombin G20210A Mutations
Keywords:
Factor V G1691A-H1299R Mutations, Prothrombin G20210A Mutations, coronary artery disease
Abstract
Thrombosis is one of the critical health problems worldwide that is a reason for mortality and morbidity. Factor V and Prothrombin gene mutations are the most common genetic risk factors related to thrombotic events. We aimed to explore these mutations in a healthy population and compare them with coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. A total of 406 healthy volunteer individuals and 64 patients with CAD were included in the study. Factor V gene G1691A-H1299R and prothrombin gene G20210A mutations were determined using the CVD StripAssay, based on the reverse-hybridization principle for mutation analysis. Factor V Leiden G1691A gene mutation was identified in 8 (12,49%), prothrombin G20210A gene mutation was identified in 1 (1.56 %), and Factor V H1299R gene mutation was identified in 9 (14,07 %) in the CAD patient group. No significant difference between the CAD and control groups was evident in all three genes. The prevalence of Factor V G1691A-H1299R / prothrombin gene G20210A G20210A mutation in CAD was found to be very low and similar to the general population.
Keywords: Factor V G1691A-H1299R Mutations, Prothrombin G20210A Mutations, coronary artery disease
References
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2. Van Cott EM, Khor B, Zehnder JL. Factor V Leiden. Am J Hematol. 2016 Jan;91(1):46-9.
3. Kottke-Marchant K. Genetic polymorphisms associated with venous and arterial thrombosis: an overview. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med 2002; 126, 295–304.
4. Mueller T, Marschon R, Dieplinger B, et al. Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutations are not associated with chronic limb ischemia: The Linz Peripheral Arterial Disease (LIPAD) Study. J. Vasc. Surg 2005; 41, 808-815.
5. [Dataset] Kujovich JL, MD. Factor V Leiden Thrombophilia. Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1368/
6. Lunghi B, Iacoviello L, Gemmati D, et al. Detection of new polymorphic markers in the factor V gene: association with factor V levels in plasma. Thromb. Haemost 1996; 75, 45–48.
7. Castoldi E, Rosing J, Girelli D, et al. Mutations in the R2 FV gene affect the ratio between the two FV isoforms in plasma. Thromb. Haemost. 2000; 83, 362–365.
8. Zaatari G.S, Otrock Z.K, Sabbagh A.S, Mahfouz R.A. Prevalence of factor V R2 (H1299R) polymorphism in the Lebanese population. Pathology 2006; 38, 442–444.
9. Kuhli-Hattenbach C, Hellstern P, Nägler DK, et al. Prothrombin polymorphism A19911G, factor V HR2 haplotype A4070G, and plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 polymorphism 4G/5G and the risk of retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmic Genet. 2017 Sep-Oct;38(5):413-417.
10. Bernardi F, Faioni E.M, Castoldi E, et al. A factor V genetic component differing from factor V R506Q contributes to the activated protein C resistance phenotype. Blood 1997; 90, 1552–1557.
11. de Visser MC, Guasch JF, Kamphuisen PW, et al. The HR2 haplotype of factor V: effects on factor V levels, normalized activated protein C sensitivity ratios and the risk of venous thrombosis. Thromb. Haemost. 2000; 83, 577–582.
12. Aleksova A, Di Nucci M, Gobbo M, et al. Factor-V HR2 haplotype and thromboembolic disease. Acta Cardiol. 2015 Dec;70(6):707-11
13. Castoldi E, Simioni P, Kalafatis M, et al. Combinations of 4 mutations (FV R506Q, FV H1299R, FVY1702C, PT 20210G/A) affecting the prothrombinase complex in a thrombophilic family. Blood 2000; 96, 1443–1448.
14. Dziadosz M, Baxi L.V. Global prevalence of prothrombin gene mutation G20210A and implications in women’s health: a systematic review. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2016; 27, 481-489..
15. Poort SR, Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH, et al. A common genetic variation in the 3'-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood 1996; 88, 3698-3703.
16. Simioni P, Tormene D, Manfrin D, et al. Prothrombin antigen levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of the 20210A prothrombin variant. Br. J. Haematol. 1998; 103, 1045–1450.
17. Sabbagh A.S, Ibrahim G, Kanan Z, et al. Prevalence of the prothrombin G20210A polymorphism in the Lebanese population: use of a reverse hybridization strip assay approach. Mol Biol Rep.2007; 36, 399-403.
18. Rosendaal F.R, Siscovick D.S, Schwartz S.M, et al. A common prothrombin variant (20210 G to A) increases the risk of myocardial infarction in young women. Blood 1997; 90, 1747–1450.
19. Shemesh A1, Hoffman R, Nadir Y, et al. Clinical significance of prothrombin G20210A mutation in homozygous patients. Am J Hematol. 2017 Oct;92(10):E618-E620..
20. Leroyer C, Mercier B, Oger E, et al. Prevalence of 20210 A allele of the prothrombin gene in venous thromboembolism patients. Thromb. Haemost. 1998; 80, 49–51.
21. Yilmaz S, Bayan K, Tüzün Y, et al. A comprehensive analysis of 12 thrombophilic mutations and related parameters in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: data from Turkey. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2006 Dec;22(3):205-12
22. Rees D.C, Cox M, Clegg J.B. World distribution of factor V Leiden. Lancet 1995; 346, 1133-1134.
23. Lucotte G, Mercier G. Population genetics of factor V Leiden in Europe. Blood Cells, 2001; Mol. Dis. 27, 362-367.
24. Dajani R, Fatahallah R, Dajani A, et al. Prevalence of coagulation factor II G20210A and factor V G1691A Leiden polymorphisms in Chechans, a genetically isolated population in Jordan. Mol. Biol. Rep. 2012; 39, 9133-9138.
25. Ağaoğlu N, Türkyilmaz S, Ovali E, et al. Prevalence of prothrombotic abnormalities in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia. World J. Surg. 2005; 29, 1135-1138.
26. Akar N, Akar E, Dalgin G, et al. Frequency of Factor V (1691 G --> A) mutation in Turkish population. Thromb. Haemost. 1997; 78, 1527-1528.
27. Atasay B, Arsan S, Günlemez A, et al. Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene 20210A variant in neonatal thromboembolism and in healthy neonates and adults: a study in a single center. Pediatr. Hematol Oncol. 2003; 20, 627-634.
28. Eroglu Z, Biray Avci C, Kilic M, et al. The prevalence of Factor V Leiden gene variant analysis of donor and recipient at the organ transplantation. Cent. Ege Univ. Ege Tip Dergisi. 2006; 45, 185–189. http://egetip.dergisi.org/summary_en.php3?id=259
29. Gürgey A, Mesci L. The prevalence of factor V Leiden (1691 G-->A) mutation in Turkey. Turk J Pediatr. 1997; 39, 313-315.
30. Ozbek U, Tangün Y. Frequency of factor V Leiden in Turkey. Int J Hematol.1996; 164, 291-292.
31. Ulukus M, Eroglu Z, Yeniel AO, et al. Frequency of Factor V Leiden (Gc1691G>A), prothrombin (G20210A) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T) genes variants in woman with adverse pregnancy outcome. J. Turkish-German Gynecol. Assoc.2006; 7, 195–201.
32. Wassim Y Almawi , Ghada Ameen, Hala Tamim, et al. Factor V G1691A, prothrombin G20210A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] C677T gene polymorphism in angiographically documented coronary artery disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2004; Jun;17(3):199-205.
33. Boroumand M, Pourgholi L, Ziaee S, et al. The association between Factor V Leiden with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Clin. Biochem.2014; 47, 356-360.
34. Mannucci P.M, Asselta R, Duga S, et al. The association of factor V Leiden with myocardial infarction is replicated in 1880 patients with premature disease. J. Thromb Haemost.2010; 8, 2116-2121.
35. Gurlertop HY, Gundogdu F, Pirim I, et al. H.Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. Association between factor V Leiden mutation and coronary artery disease in the northeast region of Turkey 2007 Dec;18(8):719-22.
36. Var A, Utük O, Akçali S, Sanlidağ T, et al. Impact of hemostatic gene single point mutations in patients with non-diabetic coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep.2009; 36, 2235-2243
37. Alhenc-Gelas M, Nicaud V, Gandrille S, et al. The factor V gene A4070G mutation and the risk of venous thrombosis. Thromb. Haemost 1999;. 81, 193–197.
38. De Stefano V, Finazzi G, Mannucci P.M. Inherited thrombophilia: pathogenesis, clinical syndromes, and management. Blood 1996; 87, 3531–3544.
39. Faioni EM, Franchi F, Bucciarelli P, Margaglione M, et al. Coinheritance of the HR2 haplotype in the factor V gene confers an increased risk of venous thromboembolism to carriers of factor V R506Q (factor V Leiden). Blood 1999; 94, 3062–3066.
40. Margaglione M, Bossone A, Coalizzo D, et al. FV HR2 haplotype as additional inherited risk factor for deep venous thrombosis individuals with a high-risk profile. Thromb. Haemost.2002; 87, 32–36.
41. Arabkhazaeli N, Ghanaat K, Hashemi-Soteh M.B. H1299R in coagulation Factor V and Glu429Ala in MTHFR genes in recurrent pregnancy loss in Sari, Mazandaran. Int. J. Reprod. Biomed. (Yazd). 2016; 14, 329–334.
42. Benson JM, Ellingsen D, El-Jamil M et al. Genetic assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in the Greek Cypriot population. Factor V Leiden and factor V R2 allele: highthroughput analysis and association with venous thromboembolism. Thromb. Haemost. 2001; 86, 1188– 1192.
43. Jadaon M.M, Dashti A.A. HR2 haplotype in Arab population and patients with venous thrombosis in Kuwait. J. Thromb Haemost. 2005; 3,1467–1471.
44. Ulu A, Yilmaz E, Akar E, Akar N. Factor V A4070G (His1299Arg) mutation in Turkish pediatric patients with thrombosis. Turk. J Haematol.2005; 22, 173-178
45. Akar N, Akar E, Yilmaz E. Factor V (his1299arg) in Turkish patients with venous thromboembolism. Am. J. Hematol. 2000; 63, 102-103.
46. Akar N, Akar E, Yilmaz E. Coexistence of factor V 1691 G-A and factor V 4070 A-G mutation in Turkish thromboembolic patients. Am. J. Hematol. 2000;65, 88. ·
47. Rosendaal F.R, Doggen C.J, Zivelin A, et al. Geographic distribution of the 20210 G to A prothrombin variant. Thromb. Haemost. 1998; 79,706-708..
48. Amara A, Mrad M, Sayeh A, et al. Association of FV G1691A Polymorphism but not A4070G With Coronary Artery Disease. Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. 2018; 24, 330-337.
49. Doggen C.J, de Visser M.C, Vos H.L, Bertina R.M, et al. The HR2 haplotype of factor V is not associated with the risk of myocardial infarction. Thromb. Haemost.2000; 84, 815-818.
50. Altinisik J, Ates O, Ulutin T, et al.. Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and protein C mutation frequency in Turkish venous thrombosis patients. Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. 2008; 14, 415– 420.
51. Ayyildiz O, Kalkanli S, Batun S, N et al. Prothrombin G20210A gene mutation with LightCycler polymerase chain reaction in venous thrombosis and healthy population in the southeast of Turkey. Heart and Vessels.2004; 19, 164–166.
52. Oztuzcu S, Ergun S, Ulasli M, et al. Evaluation of Factor V G1691A, prothrombin G20210A, Factor XIII V34L, MTHFR A1298C, MTHFR C677T and PAI-1 4G/5G genotype frequencies of patients subjected to cardiovascular disease (CVD) panel in south-east region of Turkey. Mol. Biol. Rep. 2014; 41, 3671–3676.
53. Russo C, Girelli D, Olivieri O, et al. G20210A prothrombin gene polymorphism and prothrombin activity in subjects with or without angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2001; 103, 2436-2440.
54. Burzotta F, Paciaroni K, De Stefano V, et al. Prothrombin gene polymorphism and coronary ischaemic syndromes: a phenotype-specific meta-analysis of 12 034 subjects Heart 2004; 90, 82–86.
55. Ercan B, Tamer L, Sucu N, et al.. Factor VLeiden and Prothrombin G20210A Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Yonsei Med. J. 2008; 49, 237–243.
56. Ridker P.M, Hennekens C.H, Miletich J.P. G20210A mutation in prothrombin gene and risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thrombosis in a large cohort of US men. Circulation.1999; 99, 999–1004.
57. Croft S.A, Daly M.E, Steeds R.P, et al. The prothrombin 20210A allele and its association with myocardial infarction. Thromb. Haemost.1999; 81,861–864.
58. Ardissino D, Mannucci P.M, Merlini P.A,et al. Prothrombotic genetic risk factors in young survivors of myocardial infarction. Blood 1999; 94, 46–51.
59. Redondo M, Watzke HH, Stucki B, et al. Coagulation factors II, V, and X, prothrombin gene 20210 G-.A transition, and factor V Leiden in coronary artery disease. High clotting activity is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Arterioscl. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1999; 19,1020–1025.
60. Pourgholi L, Goodarzynejad H, Ziaee S, Zare E, et al. Prothrombin Gene G20210A Variant in Angiographically Documented Patients with Coronary Artery Stenosis, Tehran Heart Cent. 2019 Oct;14(4):150-155.
2. Van Cott EM, Khor B, Zehnder JL. Factor V Leiden. Am J Hematol. 2016 Jan;91(1):46-9.
3. Kottke-Marchant K. Genetic polymorphisms associated with venous and arterial thrombosis: an overview. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med 2002; 126, 295–304.
4. Mueller T, Marschon R, Dieplinger B, et al. Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutations are not associated with chronic limb ischemia: The Linz Peripheral Arterial Disease (LIPAD) Study. J. Vasc. Surg 2005; 41, 808-815.
5. [Dataset] Kujovich JL, MD. Factor V Leiden Thrombophilia. Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1368/
6. Lunghi B, Iacoviello L, Gemmati D, et al. Detection of new polymorphic markers in the factor V gene: association with factor V levels in plasma. Thromb. Haemost 1996; 75, 45–48.
7. Castoldi E, Rosing J, Girelli D, et al. Mutations in the R2 FV gene affect the ratio between the two FV isoforms in plasma. Thromb. Haemost. 2000; 83, 362–365.
8. Zaatari G.S, Otrock Z.K, Sabbagh A.S, Mahfouz R.A. Prevalence of factor V R2 (H1299R) polymorphism in the Lebanese population. Pathology 2006; 38, 442–444.
9. Kuhli-Hattenbach C, Hellstern P, Nägler DK, et al. Prothrombin polymorphism A19911G, factor V HR2 haplotype A4070G, and plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 polymorphism 4G/5G and the risk of retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmic Genet. 2017 Sep-Oct;38(5):413-417.
10. Bernardi F, Faioni E.M, Castoldi E, et al. A factor V genetic component differing from factor V R506Q contributes to the activated protein C resistance phenotype. Blood 1997; 90, 1552–1557.
11. de Visser MC, Guasch JF, Kamphuisen PW, et al. The HR2 haplotype of factor V: effects on factor V levels, normalized activated protein C sensitivity ratios and the risk of venous thrombosis. Thromb. Haemost. 2000; 83, 577–582.
12. Aleksova A, Di Nucci M, Gobbo M, et al. Factor-V HR2 haplotype and thromboembolic disease. Acta Cardiol. 2015 Dec;70(6):707-11
13. Castoldi E, Simioni P, Kalafatis M, et al. Combinations of 4 mutations (FV R506Q, FV H1299R, FVY1702C, PT 20210G/A) affecting the prothrombinase complex in a thrombophilic family. Blood 2000; 96, 1443–1448.
14. Dziadosz M, Baxi L.V. Global prevalence of prothrombin gene mutation G20210A and implications in women’s health: a systematic review. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2016; 27, 481-489..
15. Poort SR, Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH, et al. A common genetic variation in the 3'-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood 1996; 88, 3698-3703.
16. Simioni P, Tormene D, Manfrin D, et al. Prothrombin antigen levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of the 20210A prothrombin variant. Br. J. Haematol. 1998; 103, 1045–1450.
17. Sabbagh A.S, Ibrahim G, Kanan Z, et al. Prevalence of the prothrombin G20210A polymorphism in the Lebanese population: use of a reverse hybridization strip assay approach. Mol Biol Rep.2007; 36, 399-403.
18. Rosendaal F.R, Siscovick D.S, Schwartz S.M, et al. A common prothrombin variant (20210 G to A) increases the risk of myocardial infarction in young women. Blood 1997; 90, 1747–1450.
19. Shemesh A1, Hoffman R, Nadir Y, et al. Clinical significance of prothrombin G20210A mutation in homozygous patients. Am J Hematol. 2017 Oct;92(10):E618-E620..
20. Leroyer C, Mercier B, Oger E, et al. Prevalence of 20210 A allele of the prothrombin gene in venous thromboembolism patients. Thromb. Haemost. 1998; 80, 49–51.
21. Yilmaz S, Bayan K, Tüzün Y, et al. A comprehensive analysis of 12 thrombophilic mutations and related parameters in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: data from Turkey. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2006 Dec;22(3):205-12
22. Rees D.C, Cox M, Clegg J.B. World distribution of factor V Leiden. Lancet 1995; 346, 1133-1134.
23. Lucotte G, Mercier G. Population genetics of factor V Leiden in Europe. Blood Cells, 2001; Mol. Dis. 27, 362-367.
24. Dajani R, Fatahallah R, Dajani A, et al. Prevalence of coagulation factor II G20210A and factor V G1691A Leiden polymorphisms in Chechans, a genetically isolated population in Jordan. Mol. Biol. Rep. 2012; 39, 9133-9138.
25. Ağaoğlu N, Türkyilmaz S, Ovali E, et al. Prevalence of prothrombotic abnormalities in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia. World J. Surg. 2005; 29, 1135-1138.
26. Akar N, Akar E, Dalgin G, et al. Frequency of Factor V (1691 G --> A) mutation in Turkish population. Thromb. Haemost. 1997; 78, 1527-1528.
27. Atasay B, Arsan S, Günlemez A, et al. Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene 20210A variant in neonatal thromboembolism and in healthy neonates and adults: a study in a single center. Pediatr. Hematol Oncol. 2003; 20, 627-634.
28. Eroglu Z, Biray Avci C, Kilic M, et al. The prevalence of Factor V Leiden gene variant analysis of donor and recipient at the organ transplantation. Cent. Ege Univ. Ege Tip Dergisi. 2006; 45, 185–189. http://egetip.dergisi.org/summary_en.php3?id=259
29. Gürgey A, Mesci L. The prevalence of factor V Leiden (1691 G-->A) mutation in Turkey. Turk J Pediatr. 1997; 39, 313-315.
30. Ozbek U, Tangün Y. Frequency of factor V Leiden in Turkey. Int J Hematol.1996; 164, 291-292.
31. Ulukus M, Eroglu Z, Yeniel AO, et al. Frequency of Factor V Leiden (Gc1691G>A), prothrombin (G20210A) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T) genes variants in woman with adverse pregnancy outcome. J. Turkish-German Gynecol. Assoc.2006; 7, 195–201.
32. Wassim Y Almawi , Ghada Ameen, Hala Tamim, et al. Factor V G1691A, prothrombin G20210A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] C677T gene polymorphism in angiographically documented coronary artery disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2004; Jun;17(3):199-205.
33. Boroumand M, Pourgholi L, Ziaee S, et al. The association between Factor V Leiden with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Clin. Biochem.2014; 47, 356-360.
34. Mannucci P.M, Asselta R, Duga S, et al. The association of factor V Leiden with myocardial infarction is replicated in 1880 patients with premature disease. J. Thromb Haemost.2010; 8, 2116-2121.
35. Gurlertop HY, Gundogdu F, Pirim I, et al. H.Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. Association between factor V Leiden mutation and coronary artery disease in the northeast region of Turkey 2007 Dec;18(8):719-22.
36. Var A, Utük O, Akçali S, Sanlidağ T, et al. Impact of hemostatic gene single point mutations in patients with non-diabetic coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep.2009; 36, 2235-2243
37. Alhenc-Gelas M, Nicaud V, Gandrille S, et al. The factor V gene A4070G mutation and the risk of venous thrombosis. Thromb. Haemost 1999;. 81, 193–197.
38. De Stefano V, Finazzi G, Mannucci P.M. Inherited thrombophilia: pathogenesis, clinical syndromes, and management. Blood 1996; 87, 3531–3544.
39. Faioni EM, Franchi F, Bucciarelli P, Margaglione M, et al. Coinheritance of the HR2 haplotype in the factor V gene confers an increased risk of venous thromboembolism to carriers of factor V R506Q (factor V Leiden). Blood 1999; 94, 3062–3066.
40. Margaglione M, Bossone A, Coalizzo D, et al. FV HR2 haplotype as additional inherited risk factor for deep venous thrombosis individuals with a high-risk profile. Thromb. Haemost.2002; 87, 32–36.
41. Arabkhazaeli N, Ghanaat K, Hashemi-Soteh M.B. H1299R in coagulation Factor V and Glu429Ala in MTHFR genes in recurrent pregnancy loss in Sari, Mazandaran. Int. J. Reprod. Biomed. (Yazd). 2016; 14, 329–334.
42. Benson JM, Ellingsen D, El-Jamil M et al. Genetic assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in the Greek Cypriot population. Factor V Leiden and factor V R2 allele: highthroughput analysis and association with venous thromboembolism. Thromb. Haemost. 2001; 86, 1188– 1192.
43. Jadaon M.M, Dashti A.A. HR2 haplotype in Arab population and patients with venous thrombosis in Kuwait. J. Thromb Haemost. 2005; 3,1467–1471.
44. Ulu A, Yilmaz E, Akar E, Akar N. Factor V A4070G (His1299Arg) mutation in Turkish pediatric patients with thrombosis. Turk. J Haematol.2005; 22, 173-178
45. Akar N, Akar E, Yilmaz E. Factor V (his1299arg) in Turkish patients with venous thromboembolism. Am. J. Hematol. 2000; 63, 102-103.
46. Akar N, Akar E, Yilmaz E. Coexistence of factor V 1691 G-A and factor V 4070 A-G mutation in Turkish thromboembolic patients. Am. J. Hematol. 2000;65, 88. ·
47. Rosendaal F.R, Doggen C.J, Zivelin A, et al. Geographic distribution of the 20210 G to A prothrombin variant. Thromb. Haemost. 1998; 79,706-708..
48. Amara A, Mrad M, Sayeh A, et al. Association of FV G1691A Polymorphism but not A4070G With Coronary Artery Disease. Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. 2018; 24, 330-337.
49. Doggen C.J, de Visser M.C, Vos H.L, Bertina R.M, et al. The HR2 haplotype of factor V is not associated with the risk of myocardial infarction. Thromb. Haemost.2000; 84, 815-818.
50. Altinisik J, Ates O, Ulutin T, et al.. Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and protein C mutation frequency in Turkish venous thrombosis patients. Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. 2008; 14, 415– 420.
51. Ayyildiz O, Kalkanli S, Batun S, N et al. Prothrombin G20210A gene mutation with LightCycler polymerase chain reaction in venous thrombosis and healthy population in the southeast of Turkey. Heart and Vessels.2004; 19, 164–166.
52. Oztuzcu S, Ergun S, Ulasli M, et al. Evaluation of Factor V G1691A, prothrombin G20210A, Factor XIII V34L, MTHFR A1298C, MTHFR C677T and PAI-1 4G/5G genotype frequencies of patients subjected to cardiovascular disease (CVD) panel in south-east region of Turkey. Mol. Biol. Rep. 2014; 41, 3671–3676.
53. Russo C, Girelli D, Olivieri O, et al. G20210A prothrombin gene polymorphism and prothrombin activity in subjects with or without angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2001; 103, 2436-2440.
54. Burzotta F, Paciaroni K, De Stefano V, et al. Prothrombin gene polymorphism and coronary ischaemic syndromes: a phenotype-specific meta-analysis of 12 034 subjects Heart 2004; 90, 82–86.
55. Ercan B, Tamer L, Sucu N, et al.. Factor VLeiden and Prothrombin G20210A Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Yonsei Med. J. 2008; 49, 237–243.
56. Ridker P.M, Hennekens C.H, Miletich J.P. G20210A mutation in prothrombin gene and risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thrombosis in a large cohort of US men. Circulation.1999; 99, 999–1004.
57. Croft S.A, Daly M.E, Steeds R.P, et al. The prothrombin 20210A allele and its association with myocardial infarction. Thromb. Haemost.1999; 81,861–864.
58. Ardissino D, Mannucci P.M, Merlini P.A,et al. Prothrombotic genetic risk factors in young survivors of myocardial infarction. Blood 1999; 94, 46–51.
59. Redondo M, Watzke HH, Stucki B, et al. Coagulation factors II, V, and X, prothrombin gene 20210 G-.A transition, and factor V Leiden in coronary artery disease. High clotting activity is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Arterioscl. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1999; 19,1020–1025.
60. Pourgholi L, Goodarzynejad H, Ziaee S, Zare E, et al. Prothrombin Gene G20210A Variant in Angiographically Documented Patients with Coronary Artery Stenosis, Tehran Heart Cent. 2019 Oct;14(4):150-155.
Published
2025/02/21
Section
Original paper
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