. Predictive Value of Pre-delivery Serum β-human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Fibrinogen, and Homocysteine for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Predictive Value of Serum β-HCG, FIB, and HCY for HDCP

  • Miaomiao Zhuo Ruian Maternity and Child Care Hospital
Keywords: hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy; β-human chorionic gonadotropin; fibrinogen; homocysteine

Abstract


Introduction: it was to investigate the relationship between pre-delivery serumβ-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), fibrinogen (FIB), and homocysteine (HCY) with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP). Materials and Methods: 200 HDCP patients and 150 normal pregnant women were selected as study subjects. Fasting cubital venous blood samples were collected to measure serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), as well as β-HCG, FIB, and HCY levels. Pearson correlation analysis examined relationship between β-HCG, FIB, HCY, and HDCP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated the predictive value of these indicators for HDCP. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified risk factors (RFs) for HDCP.Results: serum TG, TC, HDL, LDL, FIB,β-HCG, and HCY were greatly elevated in the HDCP group versus control group (CG) (P<0.05). Serumβ-HCG, FIB, and HCY showed notable positive correlations with HDCP (r = 0.935, 0.547, 0.811; P<0.05), and the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for predicting HDCP based on serum β-HCG, FIB, HCY, and their combination were 0.743, 0.659, 0.801, and 0.886, respectively (P<0.05). Lipid indicators and serum levels of FIB, β-HCG, and HCY were RFs for HDCP.Conclusion:pregnant women with HDCP exhibited markedly elevated serum lipid levels and FIB, β-HCG, and HCY levels before delivery, which can serve as predictive indicators for HDCP.

References

References
1. Metoki H, Iwama N, Hamada H, Satoh M, Murakami T, Ishikuro M, Obara T. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: definition, management, and out-of-office blood pressure measurement. Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2022;45(8):1298-1309.
2. Benschop L, Duvekot JJ, Roeters van Lennep JE. Future risk of cardiovascular disease risk factors and events in women after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Heart, 2019;105(16):1273-1278.
3. Ritter HL Jr, Weiden PL. Unusual association of bone marrow necrosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and a rare 8;16 chromosomal translocation in an adult patient with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 1987;24(2):243-50.
4. Shao Y, Gu S, Zhang X. Effects of nifedipine and labetalol combined with magnesium sulfate on blood pressure control, blood coagulation function, and maternal and infant outcome in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2022;2022:9317114(1-8).
5. Takeda J, Takeda S. Management of disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with placental abruption and measures to improve outcomes. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 2019;62(5):299-306.
6. Kerns JL, Ti A, Aksel S, Lederle L, Sokoloff A, Steinauer J. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage after dilation and evacuation abortion for fetal death. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019;134(4):708-713.
7. Olapeju B, Ahmed S, Hong X, Wang G, Summers A, Cheng TL, Burd I, Wang X. Maternal hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and postpartum plasma B vitamin and homocysteine profiles in a high-risk multiethnic U.S., population. Journal of Women's Health, 2020;29(12):1520-1529.
8. Hasija A, Balyan K, Debnath E, V R, Kumar M. Prediction of hypertension in pregnancy in high risk women using maternal factors and serial placental profile in second and third trimester. Placenta, 2021;104:236-242.
9. Chen Y, Ning W, Chu X, Chen Y, Gu L, Xie Z, Li L, Wen C, Wang X. Predicting hypertensive disease in the first trimester of pregnancy: risk models and analysis of serum d-dimer levels combined with plasma pregnancy-associated protein A, free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, and fetal nuchal translucency. Biomed Research International, 2022;2022:8264958(1-13).
10. Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang X, Chu X, Ning W, Gu L, Li L, Xie Z, Wen C. Second trimester maternal serum D-dimer combined with alpha-fetoprotein and free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin predict hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and retrospective case-control study. Journal of Translational Medicine, 2021;19(1):94(1-12).
11. Khedagi AM, Bello NA. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Cardiology Clinics, 2021;39(1):77-90.
12. Tita AT, Szychowski JM, Boggess K, Dugoff L, Sibai B, Lawrence K, Hughes BL, Bell J, Aagaard K, Edwards RK, Gibson K, Haas DM, Plante L, Metz T, Casey B, Esplin S, Longo S, Hoffman M, Saade GR, Hoppe KK, Foroutan J, Tuuli M, Owens MY, Simhan HN, Frey H, Rosen T, Palatnik A, Baker S, August P, Reddy UM, Kinzler W, Su E, Krishna I, Nguyen N, Norton ME, Skupski D, El-Sayed YY, Ogunyemi D, Galis ZS, Harper L, Ambalavanan N, Geller NL, Oparil S, Cutter GR, Andrews WW; Chronic Hypertension and Pregnancy (CHAP) Trial Consortium. Treatment for Mild Chronic Hypertension during Pregnancy. The New-England Medical Review and Journal, 2022;386(19):1781-1792.
13. Ardissino M, Reddy RK, Slob EAW, Griffiths J, Girling J, Ng FS. Maternal hypertensive traits and adverse outcome in pregnancy: a Mendelian randomization study. Journal of Hypertension, 2023;41(9):1438-1445.
14. Sinkey RG, Battarbee AN, Bello NA, Ives CW, Oparil S, Tita ATN. Prevention, diagnosis, and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a comparison of international guidelines. Current Hypertension Reports, 2020;22(9):66(1-16).
15. Chen W, Guo Y, Yao X, Zhao D. Correlation of blood lipid and serum inflammatory factor levels with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy. Frontiers in Surgery, 2022;9:917458(1-8).
16. Wei J, Shen N, Shi C, Li N, Yin C, Feng Y, Lu H, Yang X, Zhou L. Exploration of serum lipid levels during twin pregnancy. The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2023;36(2):2254891(1-11).
17. Reddy S, Jim B. Hypertension and pregnancy: management and future risks. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, 2019;26(2):137-145.
18. Yang C, Wu H. Establishment and validation of risk prediction model for postpartum hemorrhage for pregnant women ≥35 years of age in natural delivery. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2023;29(8):876-881.
19. Popescu NI, Lupu C, Lupu F. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and its immune mechanisms. Blood, 2022;139(13):1973-1986.
20. Alhousseini A, Romero R, Benshalom-Tirosh N, Gudicha D, Pacora P, Tirosh D, Kabiri D, Yeo L, Thachil J, Hsu CD, Hassan SS, Erez O. Nonovert disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in pregnancy: a new scoring system for the identification of patients at risk for obstetrical hemorrhage requiring blood product transfusion. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2022;35(2):242-257.
21. Kamata M, Maruyama T, Nishiguchi T, Iwasaki S. Sudden onset of syncope and disseminated intravascular coagulation at 14 weeks of pregnancy: a case report. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020;20(1):406(1-5).
22. Liu Z, Zhang H, Chen L, Lin L, Yan J. Blood coagulation indices in twin pregnancy complicated with preeclampsia. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--pakistan: JCPSP, 2020;30(3):276-281.
23. Li R, Mukherjee MB, Jin Z, Liu H, Lin K, Liu Q, Dilger JP, Lin J. The potential effect of general anesthetics in cancer surgery: meta-analysis of postoperative metastasis and inflammatory cytokines. Cancers (Basel), 2023;15(10):2759(1-14).
24. Ou L, Liu HR, Shi XY, Peng C, Zou YJ, Jia JW, Li H, Zhu ZX, Wang YH, Su BM, Lai YQ, Chen MY, Zhu WX, Feng Z, Zhang GM, Yao MC. Terminalia chebula Retz. aqueous extract inhibits the Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammatory response by regulating the inflammasome signaling and ER-stress pathway. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2024;320:117428(1-14).
25. Çörtük M, Yıldızeli B, Kurar E, Kayış SA, Tanrıverdi E, Çetinkaya E. Fibrinogen-Aα THR312ALA polymorphism is associated tochronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in turkey. The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology, 2023;27(3):153-159.
26. Liu Y, Xiong M, Zhou F, Shi N, Jia Y. Effect of baicalin on gestational hypertension-induced vascular endothelial cell damage. The Journal of International Medical Research, 2020;48(10):300060520934288(1-10).
27. Cai H, Mol BW, Gordts S, Wang H, Wang T, Li N, Shi J. Early and late pregnancy loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment: a retrospective cohort analysis of 21 820 pregnancies. BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021;128(7):1160-1169.
28. Skogler J, Moberg T, Tancredi L, Styrmisdóttir L, Hedayati E, Alarcon-Ruiz CA, Khamis A, Persad E, Iskandarani G, Hansson SR, Bruschettini M. Association between human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pregnancy Hypertension, 2023;34:124-137.
29. Wang R, Chen L, Wang X, Liu Y. Association between serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and inflammation, oxidative stress in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Microvascular Research, 2021;135:104130(1-6).
30. Huang J, Liu Y, Yang H, Xu Y, Lv W. The effect of serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin on pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2022;2022:8315519(1-10).
31. Kasoha M, Takacs Z, Dumé J, Findeklee S, Gerlinger C, Sima RM, Ples L, Solomayer EF, Haj Hamoud B. Postpartum assessment of the correlation between serum hormone levels of estradiol, progesterone, prolactin and ß-HCG and blood pressure measurements in pre-eclampsia patients. Diagnostics (Basel), 2022;12(7):1700(1-13).
32. Dong L, Liu J, Qin Y, Yang WJ, Nie L, Liu HN, Hu QH, Sun Y, Cao WY. Relationship between ambulatory arterial stiffness index and the severity of angiographic atherosclerosis in patients with H-type hypertension and coronary artery disease. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (New York, N.Y.: 1993), 2023;45(1):2228517(1-7).
33. Wei F, Ding Y, Ou J, Chen X, Li L, Zhou Q, Chen Q, Wang Q, Feng Y, Meng X. Accurate detection of hcy in human serum and two-photon visualization of atherosclerosis using a highly specific fluorescent probe. Analytical Chemistry, 2023;95(24):9173-9181.
34. Zeng Y, Li M, Chen Y, Wang S. Homocysteine, endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in patients with hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 2015;8(11):15275-9.
35. Wang Y, Zhang X, Han Y, Yan F, Wu R. Efficacy of combined medication of nifedipine and magnesium sulfate on gestational hypertension and the effect on PAPP-A, VEGF, NO, Hcy and vWF. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2019;26(8):2043-2047.
36. Sayyah-Melli M, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Alizadeh M, Kazemi-Shishvan M, Ghojazadeh M, Bidadi S. The effect of high dose folic acid throughout pregnancy on homocysteine (Hcy) concentration and pre-eclampsia: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One, 2016;11(5):e0154400(1-11).
Published
2024/10/27
Section
Original paper