MERENJE SNAGE PO STANDARDU IEEE 1459-2010 UPOTREBOM REZONATORSKIH FILTERSKIH STRUKTURA
Sažetak
Liberalizacijom tržišta električne energije merenje električne snage i energije u nesinusoidalnim uslovima dobilo je veliki značaj. Ta tema je još uvek predmet aktivnih rasprava, tako da ne postoji neka generalizovana teorija koja se može uzeti kao osnova za potrebe obračuna, evaluacije kvaliteta energije, detekcije izvora harmonika i kompenzacije u energetskim sistemima. Kao posledica, postojeći standardi se odnose na sinusoidalne slučajeve i ne daju definiciju reaktivne energije (i/ili snage) u nesinusoidalnim uslovima. Slično, oni ne daju specifične zahteve za tačnost i odgovarajuće uslove testiranja u prisustvu harmonijskih izobličenja. Jedini standard koji se odnosi na ovu problematiku je IEEE Std. 1459–2010 koji ne daje definiciju reaktivne snage u nesinusoidalnim uslovima. Koncept ovog IEEE standarda je baziran na razdvajanju snage na fundamentalni i nefundamentalni deo. Ovaj prilaz separacije na fundamentalni i harmonijski deo može se primeniti na najbitnije veličine i može se iskoristiti kao indikator kvaliteta.
U radu je prikazana jedna efikasna algoritamska struktura za računanje električnih veličina definisanih standardom IEEE 1459-2010. Struktura se sastoji od dva dekuplovana dela. Za estimaciju spektra napona i struje korišćena je efikasna metoda bazirana na paralelnoj strukturi rezonantnih filtera sa zajedničkom povratnom vezom. U drugom delu strukture se na osnovu poznatog spektra naponskog i strujnog signala računaju komponente snage i indikatori kvaliteta na osnovu definicija datih u standardu IEEE 1459-2010. Predloženi algoritam je pogodan za primene u realnom vremenu. Realizacijom virtualnog instrumenta baziranog na PC računaru i programskom paketu LabVIEW, u cilju procene performansi algoritma, izvršene su računarske simulacije i eksperimentalna merenja i dati njihovi rezultati.
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