UTICAJ KLIMATSKIH FAKTORA I VELIČINE SEMENA NA VITALNOST SEMENA INBRED LINIJA SUNCOKRETA
Sažetak
Klimatske promene imaju evidentan uticaj na biljnu proizvodnju i teško je prognozirati kakav će uticaj imati na vitalnost proizvedenog semena. Klijanje je najznačajniji pokazatelj vitalnosti semena i ključna faza u životnom ciklusu biljaka. Faktori spoljašnje sredine tokom vegetacije značajno utiču na klijavost semena, ali i sam način dorade (prema krupnoći semena). Cilj rada je bio da se ispita uticaj tri faktora na klijavost proizvedenog semena inbred linija suncokreta i to: i) genotip, ii) klimatski uslovi u proizvodnoj godini, i iii) krupnoća semena dobijena tokom separacije semena po jedinstvenom načinu dorade. U radu je ispitivana klijavost semena četiri inbred linije suncokreta, šest meseci nakon dorade i prolaska dormantnosti prirodnim putem, primenom Standardnog laboratorijskog testa u pesku, po ISTA pravilima. Korišćena su semena krupnije i sitnije veličine, dobijena u dve uzastopne godine, različitih klimatskih uslova (suma padavina, srednje mesečne temperature i vlažnost vazduha tokom oplodnje). Podaci su analizirani trofaktorskom analizom varijanse, Dankanovim testom i Pirsonovim koficijentom korelacije. Koeficijent varijacije iznosio je 8,19%. Prosečna klijavost semena je bila značajno viša u 2020. godini (92%) u odnosu na 2021. godinu (85%). Na statistički visoko značajne razlike klijavosti semena najveći uticaj je imao genotip, zatim godina, odnosno klimatski uslovi. Faktor veličine semena nije imao uticaj na ispitivani parametar, dok je interakcija između svih ispitivanih faktora pokazala statistički visoko značajan uticaj.
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