NUTRITIONAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF CEREAL BARS FORTIFIED BY EDIBLE FLOWERS
Ključne reči:
alternativni izvori; antioksidansi; flavonoidi; polifenoli; utvrđenje
Sažetak
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je određivanje antioksidativne aktivnosti, ukupnih polifenola i fenolnih kiselina, kao i ukupne suhe tvari, sadržaja masti, sirovih proteina i sadržaja pepela u žitaricama. štapići obogaćeni dodatkom 5 % jestivog cvijeća. Pripremljeni proizvodi ocjenjivani su i senzornom procjenom pomoću hedonističke skale od 9 tačaka, koja je uzela u obzir cjelokupni izgled, aromu, okus, konzistenciju, retroukus i ukupnu prihvatljivost. Pripremljene su sljedeće varijante žitnih pločica: kontrolna varijanta (bez dodatog cvijeća), varijanta cvijeta bazge (EF), varijanta cvijeta lavande (LF), varijanta cvijeta nevena (CF) i varijanta ruže damasta (RD). Antioksidativna aktivnost se kretala od 3,15 mg TEAC/g (RD) do 0,83 mg TEAC/g (ML; TEAC). Ukupni sadržaj polifenola kretao se od 3,39 mg GAE/g (RD) do 0,91 mg GAE/g (LF). Sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih kiselina bio je najveći u varijanti sa cvetovima bazge (11,80 mg CAE/g) i kalendule (9,80 mg CAE/g). Vrijednosti ukupne suhe tvari, masti i sirovih proteina nisu se značajno mijenjale, ostajući na nivoima od 79% (suva tvar), 15% (mast) i 12% (sirov protein) u analiziranim uzorcima. Sadržaj pepela je povećan dodatkom jestivog cvijeća, dostigavši najviši nivo u varijanti sa cvjetovima nevena (2,02%). Senzorno ocjenjivanje pripremljenih žitnih pločica pokazalo je da su aroma i okus karakteristični za cvijeće, a konzistencija je ocijenjena kao zadovoljavajuća.
Reference
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Fernandes, L., Ramalhosa, E., Casal, S. (2018b). The unexplored potential of edible flowers lipids. Agriculture, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8100146
Fernandes, L., Casal, S., Pereira, J. A., Saraiva, J. A., & Ramalhosa, E. (2019). An overview on the market of edible flow-ers. Food Reviews International, 36(3), 258–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2019.1639727
Ilia, G., Simulescu, V., Merghes, P., Varan, C. (2021). The health benefits of honey as an energy source with antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiseptic effects. Science & Sports, 36(4), 272.e1–272.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2020.10.005
Janarny, G., Ranaweera, K. K. D. S., & Gunathilake, K. D. P. P. (2021). Antioxidant activities of hydro-methanolic ex-tracts of Sri Lankan edible flowers. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102081
Janarny, G., Gunathilake, K. D. P. P., & Ranaweera, K. K. D. S. (2021). Nutraceutical potential of dietary phytochemi-cals in edible flowers—A review. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 45(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13642
Kashefi, B., Tabaei-Aghdaei, S.R., Matinizadeh, M., Mousavi, A., Jafari, A., Mirjani, L. (2010). Seasonal changes in leaf and twig antioxidant systems in Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(23), 2574–2583. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR10.640
Kumari, P., Ujala, A., Bhargava, B. (2021). Phytochemicals from edible flowers: Opening a new arena for healthy life-style. Journal of Functional Foods, 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104375
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Lim, T. K. (2014b). Calendula officinalis. In T. K. Lim (Ed.), Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants (pp. 213–244). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8747-5
Liu, W.-Y., Chen, L., Huang, Y.Y., Fu, L., Song, L., Wang, Y., Bai, Z., Meng, F., Bi, F. (2020). Antioxidation and active con-stituents analysis of flower residue of Rosa damascena. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 12(3), 336–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2020.05.005
Milena, V., Tatjana, M., Gökhan, C., Ivana, B., Aleksandra, C., Mohammad, M.F., Marija, R. (2019). Advantages of con-temporary extraction techniques for the extraction of bioactive constituents from black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) flowers. Industrial Crops and Products, 136, 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.058
Młynarczyk, K., Walkowiak-Tomczak, D., & Łysiak, G. P. (2020). The content of selected minerals, bioactive compounds, and the antioxidant properties of the flowers and fruit of selected cultivars and wildly growing plants of Sambucus nigra L. Molecules, 25(4), 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040876
Młynarczyk, K., Walkowiak-Tomczak, D., & Łysiak, G. P. (2018). Bioactive properties of Sambucus nigra L. as a func-tional ingredient for food and pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Functional Foods, 40, 377–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.025
Muchová, Z., & Frančáková, H. (1992). Hodnotenie a využitie rastlinných produktov: Návody na cvičenia. Nitra: Vysoká škola poľnohospodárska.
Nayebi, N., Khalili, N., Kamalinejad, M., & Emtiazy, M. (2017). A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of Rosa damascena Mill. with an overview on its phytopharmacological properties. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 34, 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.08.014
Nowicka, P., & Wojdyło, A. (2019). Anti-hyperglycemic and anticholinergic effects of natural antioxidant contents in ed-ible flowers. Antioxidants, 8(8), 308. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080308
Palazzolo, G. (2003). Cereal bars: They’re not just for breakfast anymore. Cereal Food World, 48, 70–72.
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2025/02/03
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