PROMENA UKUPNE FAKTORSKE PRODUKTIVNOSTI POLJOPRIVREDNIH GAZDINSTAVA U SRBIJI
Sažetak
Cilj istraživanja je da se realno sagleda i oceni promena u produktivnosti poljoprivrednih gazdinstava različitih tipova proizvodnje. U fokusu istraživanja su porodična poljoprivredna gazdinstva u Republici Srbiji, koja su bila deo FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) uzorka tokom sedmogodišnjeg perioda (2015-2021). Promena u ukupnoj faktorskoj produktivnosti tokom posmatranog perioda iskazana je pomoću Malmquist indeksa, uz prethodnu primenu DEA metoda (Data Envelopment Analysis). Definisani model je izlazno orijentisan sa konstantnim prinosom na obim. Na strani autputa je vrednost proizvodnje (biljne, stočarske i ostale), dok na strani inputa figurira više varijabli: korišćena radna snaga, ukupno korišćeno poljoprivredno zemljište, ukupna međufazna potrošnja i ukupna imovina poljoprivrednog gazdinstva. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je ukupna faktorska produktivnost posmatranih gazdinstava povećana za 8,0% u analiziranom sedmogodišnjem periodu. Povećanje produktivnosti gazdinstava varira od 0,3%, koliko je zabeleženo u voćarstvu i vinogradarstvu, do 11,8% zabeleženih u ratarstvu. Svi tipovi proizvodnje su ostvarili tehnički progres, međutim ratarska gazdinstva definitivno prednjače u ovome. Ratarska gazdinstva konstantno pribavljaju novu i savremeniju opremu, koja im omogućuje ostvarivanje boljih autputa uz nepromenjeno ulaganje inputa. Ovo naravno pozitivno utiče na ostvarenu produktivnost gazdinstava, što, na koncu, podiže nivo ukupne ekonomske održivosti gazdinstava.
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