Značaj uloge vitamina D kod obolelih od multiple skleroze
Abstract
Etiologija multiple skleroze je i dalje najvećim delom nepoznata, ali brojni dokazi ukazuju da postoji interakcija između genetskih i faktora spoljašnje sredine koji utiču na povećanje rizika za nastanak multiple skleroze. Faktori spoljašnje sredine za koje se smatra da učestvuju u patogenezi multiple skleroze uključuju Epstein-Barr virusnu infekciju, deficijenciju vitamina D i B12, kao i pušenje cigareta. Iako tačna etiologija multiple skleroze nije još uvek determinisana, mnogi patofiziološki, eksperimentalni, epidemiološki, imunološki i biološki dokazi ukazuju na značaj uloge hipovitaminoze D kao jednog od najvažnijih spoljašnjih faktora u etiologiji multiple skleroze. Prevalencija multiple skleroze je veoma visoka u područjima sa niskim unosom D vitamina, a imunološke studije ukazuju da vitamin D ima modulirajući potencijal u odnosu na imuni sistem i značajnu ulogu u regulaciji homeostaze T limfocita. Pored dobro poznate osnovne uloge D vitamina u metabolizmu kostiju i homeostazi kalcijuma, vitamin D pokazuje i imunomodulatornu, anti-inflamatornu i potencijalnu neuroprotektivnu funkciju, što ukazuje na povoljno terapijsko dejstvo vitamina D u autoimunim bolestima kao što je multipla skleroza. Posebnu pažnju privlače savremena istraživanja koja ukazuju da lečenje deficijencije vitamina D može umanjiti invaliditet uzrokovan multiplom sklerozom. Prevencija bolesti i unapređenje zdravstvenog stanja obolelih od multiple skleroze mogući su kroz otkrivanje deficijencije vitamina D, njenu korekciju i adekvatnu upotrebu suplemenata, što značajno može uticati na poboljšanje kvaliteta života i zdravstvenog statusa osoba obolelih od multiple skleroze.
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