NEW PHARMACEUTICALS - THE IMPORTANCE OF SERENDIPITY
Keywords:
drugs, drug discovery, drug development, drug repositioning
Abstract
The key elements of serendipity are luck and contemplation. The discovery process includes the recognition of the finding potential based on the knowledge and experience. Serendipitous discoveries are common in biomedical sciences. The significant number of pharmaceuticals is the result of serendipity. Drugs belonging to antimicrobial agents, central nervous system active substances as well as antitumor agents, gained the great benefit from the serendipity conditions. Besides the traditional, irrational approach in the drug design, serendipitous discoveries have also played role in modern strategies, such as the drug repositioning and the development of multi-target antitumor agents. Serendipitous drugs discoveries can be classified as laboratory or clinical, depending on the drug development stage and the circumstances under which the combination of unforeseen events, the knowledge and skills of the researcher occurred. The discovery of new drug is impossible without outstanding science as well as the dedication, freedom, and open-mindedness of the researcher to act, think, take a risk and challenge dogmas.
References
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2. Braña MF, Sánchez-Migallón A. Anticancer drug discovery and pharmaceutical chemistry: a history. Clin Transl Oncol 2006; 8(10): 717-28.
3. Colman DR. The three princes of Serendip: notes on a mysterious phenomenon. Mcgill J Med 2006; 9(2): 161-63.
4. Klajn I, Šipka M. Veliki rečnik stranih reči i izraza. 1st ed. Novi Sad: Prometej, 2006.
5. López-Muñoz F, Baumeister AA, Hawkins MF, Alamo C. The role of serendipity in the discovery of the clinical effects of psychotropic drugs: beyond of the myth. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2012; 40(1): 34-42.
6. Ban TA. The role of serendipity in drug discovery. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2006; 8(3): 335-44.
7. Milovanović DR, Janković SM, Ružić Zečević D, et al. Lečenje koronavirusne bolesti (COVID-19). Med J 2020; 54(1).
8. Campanario, JM. UsingCitation Classics to study the incidence of serendipity in scientific discovery. Scientometrics 1996; 37: 3-24.
9. Kubinyi H. Chance favors the prepared mind--from serendipity to rational drug design. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 1999; 19(1-4): 15-39.
10. Pina AS, Hussain A, Roque AC. An historical overview of drug discovery. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 572: 3-12.
11. Geromichalos GD, Alifieris CE, Geromichalou EG, Trafalis DT. Overview on the current status of virtual high-throughput screening and combinatorial chemistry approaches in multi-target anticancer drug discovery; Part I. J BUON 2016; 21(4): 764-79.
12. Fu RG, Sun Y, Sheng WB, Liao DF. Designing multi-targeted agents: An emerging anticancer drug discovery paradigm. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136: 195-211.
13. Hargrave-Thomas E, Yu B, Reynisson J. Serendipity in anticancer drug discovery. World J Clin Oncol 2012; 3(1): 1-6.
14. Sneader W. Drugs Discovered through Serendipity in the Laboratory. In: Sneader W, Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons, 2005: 438-45.
15. Zaffiri L, Gardner J, Toledo-Pereyra LH. History of antibiotics. From salvarsan to cephalosporins. J Invest Surg 2012; 25(2): 67-77.
16. Wardrop D, Keeling D. The story of the discovery of heparin and warfarin. Br J Haematol 2008; 141(6): 757-63.
17. Zins GR. The history of the development of minoxidil. Clin Dermatol 1988; 6(4): 132-47.
18. Duffin J. Poisoning the spindle: serendipity and discovery of the anti-tumor properties of the Vinca alkaloids. Can Bull Med Hist 2000; 17(1-2): 155-92.
19. Malaviya AN. Landmark papers on the discovery of methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a fascinating story. Int J Rheum Dis 2016; 19(9): 844-51.
20. Cheung-Ong K, Giaever G, Nislow C. DNA-damaging agents in cancer chemotherapy: serendipity and chemical biology. Chem Biol 2013; 20(5): 648-659.
21. Klein DF. The loss of serendipity in psychopharmacology. JAMA 2008; 299(9): 1063-65.
22. Jeste DV, Gillin JC, Wyatt RJ. Serendipity in biological psychiatry--a myth?. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979; 36(11): 1173-78.
23. Langedijk J, Mantel-Teeuwisse AK, Slijkerman DS, Schutjens MH. Drug repositioning and repurposing: terminology and definitions in literature. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20(8): 1027-34.
24. Ashburn TT, Thor KB. Drug repositioning: identifying and developing new uses for existing drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2004; 3(8): 673-83.
25. Sardana D, Zhu C, Zhang M, Gudivada RC, Yang L, Jegga AG. Drug repositioning for orphan diseases. Brief Bioinform 2011; 12(4): 346-56.
26. Yella JK, Yaddanapudi S, Wang Y, Jegga AG. Changing Trends in Computational Drug Repositioning. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11(2): 57.
27. Desborough MJR, Keeling DM. The aspirin story - from willow to wonder drug. Br J Haematol 2017; 177(5): 674-83.
28. Bai RY, Staedtke V, Rudin CM, Bunz F, Riggins GJ. Effective treatment of diverse medulloblastoma models with mebendazole and its impact on tumor angiogenesis. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17(4): 545-54.
29. Li H, Xiao H, Lin L, et al. Drug design targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) using multiple ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD) and drug repositioning: discovery of raloxifene and bazedoxifene as novel inhibitors of IL-6/GP130 interface. J Med Chem 2014; 57(3): 632-41.
30. Brodie MJ. Antiepileptic drug therapy the story so far. Seizure 2010; 19(10): 650-55.
31. Crump A, Ōmura S. Ivermectin, 'wonder drug' from Japan: the human use perspective. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 2011; 87(2): 13-28.
32. Sneader W. Drugs Discovered through Serendipitous Observations Involving Humans In: Sneader W, Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons, 2005: 432-37.
33. Ivanović Lj, Stanković R, Štrbac J, Dučić M. Registar lekova 2020. 29th ed. Beograd: BB-Soft, 2020.