LEVEL AND SIGNIFICANCE OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN PERSONS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Keywords:
Key words: metabolic
Abstract
Summary
Aim. Previous research has shown that CRP levels are elevated in people with metabolic syndrome (MS) and that low-intensity inflammation is characteristic of MS. The aim was to examine the level and significance of serum CRP in individuals with MS.
Methods. The study included 149 outpatients, 67 with MS (68.9 ± 8.7) and 82 without MS (68.9 ± 8.6) as controls (p> 0.05). CRP was determined by turbidimetry with normal values up to 5.0 mg / L.
Results. The average CRP level of subjects with MS was 5.33 ± 3.6 mg / L, and without MS 2.46 ± 2.03 mg / L (p <0.001). There was no significant difference in CRP concentrations between men (6.02 ± 4.88 mg / L) and women with MS (4.97 ± 2.87 mg / L) (p> 0.05). CRP levels higher than 5.0 mg / L were present in 29.8% subjects with MS and 6.1% without MS (p <0.01).
Conclusion. A significantly higher frequency of elevated values and levels of serum CRP in people with MS, compared to those without MS, indicates the importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of MS and CRP as biomarkers and mediators of chronic inflammation.
Key words: metabolic syndrome, C-reactive protein
References
L I T E R A T U R A
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2. Mornar Jelavić M. Utjecaj antropometrijskih parametara i metaboličkoga sindroma na težinu i prognozu akutnoga infarkta miokarda sa ST-elevacijom. Doktorska disertacija, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Stomatološki fakultet, Zagreb 2015.
3. Ford SE, Ajani AU, Mokdad HA. The Metabolic Syndrome and Concentrations of C-Reactive Protein Among U.S. Youth. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:878-881.
4. Ignjatović S. Određivanje visoko osetljivog C-reaktivnog proteina: klinički i analitički kvalitet. Jugoslov Med Biohem 2005;24:85-93.
5. Devaraj S, Singh U, Jialal I. Human C-reactive protein and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Lipidol 2009; 20:182-189.
6. Stojanović S. Povezanost nivoa adiponektina u serumu pacijenta u zavisnosti od metaboličkog sindroma i koronarne bolesti. Doktorska disertacija, Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Fakultet medicinskih nauka, Kragujevac 2014.
7. Gowdiah KP, Mamatha TR, Nirgude D, Hosamani BP. High senzitivity C-reactive protein in metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Advances in Medicine 2016; 3:607-610.
8. Lović M, Đorđević D, Tasić I, Nedeljković I. Impact of metabolic syndrome on clinical severity and long-term prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. Hellenic Journal of Cardiology 2018; 59:226-231.
9. Ishikawa S, Kayaba K, Gotoh T, Nakamura Y, Kajii E. Metabolic Syndrome and C-Reactive Protein in the General Population. Circulation Journal 2007; 71:26-31.
10. Guven A, Cetinkaya A, Aral M, et al. High-senzitivity C-reactive protein in patienrs with metabolic syndrome. Angiology, 2006; 57:295-302.
11. Najafipour M, Reza Khalaj M, Zareizadeh M, Najafipour N. Relationship between High-senzitivity C-reactive protein. J Res Med Dent Sci 2018; 6:7-11.
12. Horakova D, Pastucha D, Stejskal D, Kollarova H, Azeem K, Janout V. Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and C-reactive protein levels as indicators of insulin resistence development. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub, 2011; 155:XX. DOI 10.5507/bp.2011.042.
13. Fernandes-Berges D, Consuegra-Sanchez L, Peñafiel J, et al. Metabolic and inflammatory profiles of biomarkers in obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes in a Mediterranean population. DARIOS Inflammatory study. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2014; 67:624-631.
14. Chowta MN, Adhikari PM, Sinha R, Acharya SD, Gopalakrishna HN, Ramapuram JT. Highly sensitive C reactive protein in patients with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Ann Trop Med Public Health 2012; 5:98-102
15. Ridker P, Buring J, Cook N, Rifai N. C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events: an 8-year follow-up of 14719 initially healthy American women. Circulation 2003; 107:391-397.
16. Cattfesta M, Souza Bissoli N, Bresciani Salaroli L. Metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein in bank employees. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity:Targets and Therapy 2016; 9:137-144.
17. Jovelić A, Rađen G, Jovelić S, Marković M. Povezanost C-reaktivnog proteina i karakteristika metaboličkog sindroma kod pilota Vojske Srbije i Crne Gore. Vojnosanit Pregled 2005; 62:811-819.
18. Vasović O. C-reaktivni protein i kardiovaskularni rizik u starih osoba sa diabetes mellitus-om tip 2. Doktorska disertacija, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Beograd 2013.
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20. Allin K, Nordestgaard B. Elevated C-reactive protein in the diagnosi, prognosis and cause of cancer.Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 2011; 48:155-170.
21. Woloshin S, Schwartz LM. Distribucion of C-reactive protein values in the United States. N Engl Med 2005; 352:1611-1613.
22. Shin K. The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Risk faktors and High Sensitive C-reactive Protein in Abdominal Obesity Elderly Women. Korean J Clin Lab Sci 2017; 49:121-127.
23. Song Y, Yang KS, Kim J, Lee CD. Association between C-Reactive Protein and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults. Korean J Fam Med 2019; 40:116-123.
24. Lukić LJ. Analiza metaboličkih determinanti nastanka arterijske hipertenzije kod gojaznih pacijenata sa tipom 2 dijabetesa. Doktorska disertacija, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Beograd,2014.
25. Melika AS. Association between the metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein in the general population. J Med Sci Res 2018; 1:285-288.
26. Den Engelsen C, Koekkoek PS, Gorter KJ, van den Donk M, Salome PL, Rutten GE. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein to detect metabolic syndrome in a centrally obese population: a cross-sectional analysis. Cardiovascular Diabetology 2012; 11:25.
27. Silva A, Tibana R, Karnikovski M, Funghetto S, Prestes J. Inflammatory status in older with and without metabolic syndrome: is there a correlation with risk factors? Clinical Interventions in Aging 2013; 8:361-367
28. Störk S, Bots LM, Grobbee ED, van der Schouw TY. Endogenous sex hormones in healthy postmenopausal women. Blackwell Publishing Ltd Journal of Internal Medicine 2008; 264:245-253.
29. Park JM, Lee YJ. Serum oestradiol levels are inversely associated with C-reactive protein levels in premenopausal women, but not postmenopausal women. Journal of International Medical Research 2020; 48:1-9.
30. Maggio M, Ceda GP, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Corsi AM, Giallauria F, et al. SHBG, sex hormones and inflammatory markers in older women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:1053-1059.
31. Gaskins A, Wilchesky M, Mumford S, Whitcomb B, Browne R, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Endogenous Reproductive Hormones and C-reactive Protein Across the Menstrual Cycle. Am J Epidemiol 2012: 175:423-431.
32. Crandall C, Palla S, Reboussin B, Hu P, Barrett-Connor E, Reuben D, Greendale G. Cross-sectional association between markers of inflammation and serum sex steroid levels in the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions trial. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2006; 15:14-23.
33. Janssen I, Powell L, Craford S, Lasley B, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Menopause and the Metabolic Syndrome: The Study of Women's Health Acrosse the Nation. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168:1568-1575.
34. Ziaei S, Mohseni H. Correlation between Hormonal Statuses and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women. J Family Reprod Health 2013; 7:63-66.
35. Milić V. Prognostički značaj sistemskog inflamatornog odgovora kod bolesnika sa dijabetes melitusom tip 2 i akutnim infarktom miokarda sa elevacijom ST-segmenta koji su lečeni primarnom perkutanom koronarnom intervencijom. Doktorska disertacija, Univerzitet u Nišu, Medicinski fakultet, Niš 2018.
36. Kanmani S, Kwon M, Shi MK, Kim MK: Association of C-Reactive Protein with Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Role of Obesity and Hypertension: A Large Population-Based Korean Cohort Study. Sci Rep 9 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40987-8
37. Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, Pilote L, Poirier P, Reinfret S, et al. The metabolic syndrome ans cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56:1113-1132.
38. Kazlauskinen L, Butnoriene J, Norkus A. Metabolic syndrome related to cardiivascular events in a 10-year prospektive sudy. Diabetology&Metabolic Syndrome 2015; 7(102).
39. Mazlomzadeh S, Karami Zarandi F, Shoghli A, Dinmohammadi H. Metabolic syndrome, its components and mortality: A population-based study. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2019; 33:11.
40. Mozaffarian D, Kamineni A, Prineas RJ, Siscovick DS. Metabolic syndrome and mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168:969-978.
1. Kumar Sinha S, Goel A, Madaan A, et al. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Clinical and Angiographic Profile in Patients With Naive Acute Coronary Syndrome in North Indian Population. J Clin Med Res 2016; 8:667-673.
2. Mornar Jelavić M. Utjecaj antropometrijskih parametara i metaboličkoga sindroma na težinu i prognozu akutnoga infarkta miokarda sa ST-elevacijom. Doktorska disertacija, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Stomatološki fakultet, Zagreb 2015.
3. Ford SE, Ajani AU, Mokdad HA. The Metabolic Syndrome and Concentrations of C-Reactive Protein Among U.S. Youth. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:878-881.
4. Ignjatović S. Određivanje visoko osetljivog C-reaktivnog proteina: klinički i analitički kvalitet. Jugoslov Med Biohem 2005;24:85-93.
5. Devaraj S, Singh U, Jialal I. Human C-reactive protein and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Lipidol 2009; 20:182-189.
6. Stojanović S. Povezanost nivoa adiponektina u serumu pacijenta u zavisnosti od metaboličkog sindroma i koronarne bolesti. Doktorska disertacija, Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Fakultet medicinskih nauka, Kragujevac 2014.
7. Gowdiah KP, Mamatha TR, Nirgude D, Hosamani BP. High senzitivity C-reactive protein in metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Advances in Medicine 2016; 3:607-610.
8. Lović M, Đorđević D, Tasić I, Nedeljković I. Impact of metabolic syndrome on clinical severity and long-term prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. Hellenic Journal of Cardiology 2018; 59:226-231.
9. Ishikawa S, Kayaba K, Gotoh T, Nakamura Y, Kajii E. Metabolic Syndrome and C-Reactive Protein in the General Population. Circulation Journal 2007; 71:26-31.
10. Guven A, Cetinkaya A, Aral M, et al. High-senzitivity C-reactive protein in patienrs with metabolic syndrome. Angiology, 2006; 57:295-302.
11. Najafipour M, Reza Khalaj M, Zareizadeh M, Najafipour N. Relationship between High-senzitivity C-reactive protein. J Res Med Dent Sci 2018; 6:7-11.
12. Horakova D, Pastucha D, Stejskal D, Kollarova H, Azeem K, Janout V. Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and C-reactive protein levels as indicators of insulin resistence development. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub, 2011; 155:XX. DOI 10.5507/bp.2011.042.
13. Fernandes-Berges D, Consuegra-Sanchez L, Peñafiel J, et al. Metabolic and inflammatory profiles of biomarkers in obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes in a Mediterranean population. DARIOS Inflammatory study. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2014; 67:624-631.
14. Chowta MN, Adhikari PM, Sinha R, Acharya SD, Gopalakrishna HN, Ramapuram JT. Highly sensitive C reactive protein in patients with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Ann Trop Med Public Health 2012; 5:98-102
15. Ridker P, Buring J, Cook N, Rifai N. C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events: an 8-year follow-up of 14719 initially healthy American women. Circulation 2003; 107:391-397.
16. Cattfesta M, Souza Bissoli N, Bresciani Salaroli L. Metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein in bank employees. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity:Targets and Therapy 2016; 9:137-144.
17. Jovelić A, Rađen G, Jovelić S, Marković M. Povezanost C-reaktivnog proteina i karakteristika metaboličkog sindroma kod pilota Vojske Srbije i Crne Gore. Vojnosanit Pregled 2005; 62:811-819.
18. Vasović O. C-reaktivni protein i kardiovaskularni rizik u starih osoba sa diabetes mellitus-om tip 2. Doktorska disertacija, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Beograd 2013.
19. Jeong H, Baek S, Kim WS, Park JE, Lee J, Kim H, Jeon HC. C reactive protein level as a marker for dyslipidaemia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome:results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMJ Open 2019; 9: e029861. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029861.
20. Allin K, Nordestgaard B. Elevated C-reactive protein in the diagnosi, prognosis and cause of cancer.Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 2011; 48:155-170.
21. Woloshin S, Schwartz LM. Distribucion of C-reactive protein values in the United States. N Engl Med 2005; 352:1611-1613.
22. Shin K. The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Risk faktors and High Sensitive C-reactive Protein in Abdominal Obesity Elderly Women. Korean J Clin Lab Sci 2017; 49:121-127.
23. Song Y, Yang KS, Kim J, Lee CD. Association between C-Reactive Protein and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults. Korean J Fam Med 2019; 40:116-123.
24. Lukić LJ. Analiza metaboličkih determinanti nastanka arterijske hipertenzije kod gojaznih pacijenata sa tipom 2 dijabetesa. Doktorska disertacija, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Beograd,2014.
25. Melika AS. Association between the metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein in the general population. J Med Sci Res 2018; 1:285-288.
26. Den Engelsen C, Koekkoek PS, Gorter KJ, van den Donk M, Salome PL, Rutten GE. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein to detect metabolic syndrome in a centrally obese population: a cross-sectional analysis. Cardiovascular Diabetology 2012; 11:25.
27. Silva A, Tibana R, Karnikovski M, Funghetto S, Prestes J. Inflammatory status in older with and without metabolic syndrome: is there a correlation with risk factors? Clinical Interventions in Aging 2013; 8:361-367
28. Störk S, Bots LM, Grobbee ED, van der Schouw TY. Endogenous sex hormones in healthy postmenopausal women. Blackwell Publishing Ltd Journal of Internal Medicine 2008; 264:245-253.
29. Park JM, Lee YJ. Serum oestradiol levels are inversely associated with C-reactive protein levels in premenopausal women, but not postmenopausal women. Journal of International Medical Research 2020; 48:1-9.
30. Maggio M, Ceda GP, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Corsi AM, Giallauria F, et al. SHBG, sex hormones and inflammatory markers in older women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:1053-1059.
31. Gaskins A, Wilchesky M, Mumford S, Whitcomb B, Browne R, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Endogenous Reproductive Hormones and C-reactive Protein Across the Menstrual Cycle. Am J Epidemiol 2012: 175:423-431.
32. Crandall C, Palla S, Reboussin B, Hu P, Barrett-Connor E, Reuben D, Greendale G. Cross-sectional association between markers of inflammation and serum sex steroid levels in the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions trial. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2006; 15:14-23.
33. Janssen I, Powell L, Craford S, Lasley B, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Menopause and the Metabolic Syndrome: The Study of Women's Health Acrosse the Nation. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168:1568-1575.
34. Ziaei S, Mohseni H. Correlation between Hormonal Statuses and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women. J Family Reprod Health 2013; 7:63-66.
35. Milić V. Prognostički značaj sistemskog inflamatornog odgovora kod bolesnika sa dijabetes melitusom tip 2 i akutnim infarktom miokarda sa elevacijom ST-segmenta koji su lečeni primarnom perkutanom koronarnom intervencijom. Doktorska disertacija, Univerzitet u Nišu, Medicinski fakultet, Niš 2018.
36. Kanmani S, Kwon M, Shi MK, Kim MK: Association of C-Reactive Protein with Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Role of Obesity and Hypertension: A Large Population-Based Korean Cohort Study. Sci Rep 9 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40987-8
37. Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, Pilote L, Poirier P, Reinfret S, et al. The metabolic syndrome ans cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56:1113-1132.
38. Kazlauskinen L, Butnoriene J, Norkus A. Metabolic syndrome related to cardiivascular events in a 10-year prospektive sudy. Diabetology&Metabolic Syndrome 2015; 7(102).
39. Mazlomzadeh S, Karami Zarandi F, Shoghli A, Dinmohammadi H. Metabolic syndrome, its components and mortality: A population-based study. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2019; 33:11.
40. Mozaffarian D, Kamineni A, Prineas RJ, Siscovick DS. Metabolic syndrome and mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168:969-978.
Published
2022/02/08
Section
Original Scientific Paper