ULOGA KOMPJUTERIZOVANE TOMOGRAFIJE U EVALUACIJI AKUTNOG ISHEMIJSKOG MOŽDANOG UDARA
Sažetak
Moždani udar je nagli gubitak funkcije mozga koji se dešava zbog prekida cerebralne cirkulacije. Odlikuje se ekspeditivnim razvojem kliničkih simptoma tokom 24 sata, koji kod nekih pacijenata dovode do smrti. U više od 80% pacijenata sa moždanim udarom, uzrok je vaskularna insuficijencija i ova vrsta moždanog udara je ishemijska. To je hitno stanje kod kojeg je neophodno ubrzano zbrinjavanje radi optimalne prognoze. Evaluacija ishemijskog moždanog udara se u većini slučajeva postiže kompjuterizovanom tomografijom, bez upotrebe kontrasta, zahvaljujući njenoj širokoj upotrebi.
Detaljan pretraga literatura kroz Medline i EBSCO baze podataka je izvršen, koristeći sledeće ključne reči: (kompjuterska tomografija) i (akutni ishemijski moždani udar) i (rani znaci). Izabrani su originalni radovi, meta-analize i pregledni papiri iz poslednjih 10 godina, sa pristupačnim tekstovima, na engleskom jeziku, kao i značajne reference koje mogu doprineti shvatanju čitalaca. Nakon detaljnog pregleda literature, izdvojili smo i opisali sledeće rane znake akutnog ishemijskog moždanog udara: znak insularne trake, potamnjenje nucleus lentiformisa, znak hiperdenziteta arterija, hipodenzitet hemisfera i fokalna hipoatenuacija. Ovi znaci su povezani sa posledicama ćelijske hipoperfuzije i citotoksičnim edemom.
Cilj ovog rada je bio pregled literature o ulozi kompjuterizovane tomografije kod pacijenata sa ranim znacima akutnog ishemijskog moždanog udara i da služi kao edukativni materijal koji ilustruje te nalaze.
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