Uticaj anksioznosti na samoprocenu oralnog zdravlja među studentima medicine
Sažetak
Uvod: Oralno zdravlje može na mnogo načina uticati na mentalno zdravlje, i obrnuto. Anksioznost značajno utiče na oralno zdravlje i može dovesti do bolesti desni, karijesa, suvih usta i bruksizma, kao i do loših navika u održavanju oralne higijene. Ciljevi naše studije bili su da se ispita prevalenca anksioznosti među studentima medicine i da se utvrdi uticaj anksioznosti na navike u oralnom zdravlju i samopercepciju oralnog zdravlja.
Metode: Ova studija je sprovedena kao studija preseka. Obuhvatila je studente medicine sa Fakulteta medicinskih nauka Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, Srbija. Za kvantifikaciju nivoa anksioznosti korišćena je Zungova skala samoprocene anksioznosti (SAS), a za procenu samopercepcije oralnog zdravlja korišćen je Upitnik o oralnom zdravlju za odrasle. Podaci su analizirani pomoću SPSS softvera, hi-kvadrat test je korišćen za utvrđivanje korelacije između kategorijalnih varijabli, a Bonferoni analiza za precizno određivanje značajnosti između grupa.
Rezultati: Procena samopercepcije anksioznosti pokazala je da 39% studenata ima simptome anksioznosti. Utvrđena je značajna pozitivna korelacija između anksioznosti i pola, kao i samopercepcije stanja desni. Značajna negativna korelacija utvrđena je između anksioznosti i stida zbog zuba, izbegavanja osmeha i korišćenja konca za zube. Post hoc Bonferoni analizom utvrđeno je da žene češće ispoljavaju anksioznost nego muškarci, da je bolje zdravlje desni povezano sa nižim nivoom anksioznosti, da je osećaj neprijatnosti zbog zuba ili izbegavanje osmeha povezan sa višim nivoom anksioznosti, a neočekivano, korišćenje zubnog konca bilo je češće među studentima sa anksioznošću.
Zaključak: Uticaj anksioznosti na oralno zdravlje nije dovoljno prepoznat. Otkrili smo visoku prevalencu anksioznosti među studentima medicine i utvrdili povezanost sa određenim aspektima oralnog zdravlja. Studenti medicine predstavljaju ranjivu grupu i programi promocije i prevencije bi trebalo da budu dostupniji.
Reference
2. Stepovic М, Rajkovic Z, Stajic D, Sekulic M, Maričić M, Djonovic N. Association between depression levels and self-perceived oral health among medical students. Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 2020; 2(37) doi: 10.5937/afmnai37-25122.
3. Mirza AA, Baig M, Beyari GM, Halawani MA, Mirza AA. Depression and Anxiety Among Medical Students: A Brief Overview. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2021;12:393-398. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S302897
4. Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, Segal JB, Peluso MJ, Guille C, et al. Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA. 2016;316(21):2214-2236. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.17324.
5. Hope V, Henderson M. Medical student depression, anxiety and distress outside North America: a systematic review. Med Educ. 2014;48(10):963-79. doi: 10.1111/medu.12512.
6. Ahmed I, Banu H, Al-Fageer R, Al-Suwaidi R. Cognitive emotions: depression and anxiety in medical students and staff. J Crit Care. 2009;24(3):e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2009.06.003.
7. Shao R, He P, Ling B, Tan L, Xu L, Hou Y, Kong L, Yang Y. Prevalence of depression and anxiety and correlations between depression, anxiety, family functioning, social support and coping styles among Chinese medical students. BMC Psychol. 2020;8(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s40359-020-00402-8.
8. Puthran R, Zhang MW, Tam WW, Ho RC. Prevalence of depression amongst medical students: a meta-analysis. Med Educ. 2016;50(4):456-68. doi: 10.1111/medu.12962.
9. Kisely S, Sawyer E, Siskind D, Lalloo R. The oral health of people with anxiety and depressive disorders - a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016;200:119-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.040
10. Samami M, Farrahi H, Alinia M. The relationship between dental anxiety and oral health literacy with oral health-related quality of life. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):567. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-04359-7.
11. Vatchala Rani RM, Kumar D, Dheer SS, Pathania AS, Dasara MR, Kaur N. Stress depression and anxiety with xerostomia among young Indian adults. Bioinformation. 2023;19(13):1365-1370. doi: 10.6026/973206300191365
12. Zung WWK. (Ed.) How Normal Is Anxiety? Upjohn Publishers: Durham, NC, USA, 1980.
13. Ostojic P, Zivojinovic S, Reza T, Damjanov N. Symptoms of depression and anxiety in Serbian patients with systemic sclerosis: impact of disease severity and socioeconomic factors. Mod Rheumatol. 2010;20(4):353-7. doi: 10.1007/s10165-010-0285-7.
14. Lekić M, Daković D, Lazić Z, Čutović T, Ilić I, Ilić M. The Serbian version of the “Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults”. Vojnosanit Pregl 2021;78(9): 919–927. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP190106009L
15. Alias N, Mustafa S, Hamzah L. The symptoms of stress as perceived by university students. Adv Res J Soc Sci 2020;1:11–20.
16. Ebrahim OS, Sayed HA, Rabei S, Hegazy N. Perceived stress and anxiety among medical students at Helwan University: A cross-sectional study. J Public Health Res. 2024;13(1):22799036241227891. doi: 10.1177/22799036241227891.
17. Haque M. Stress among medical students - a global concern. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017; 10:76.
18. Iqbal S, Gupta S, Venkatarao E. Stress, anxiety and depression among medical undergraduate students and their socio-demographic correlates. Indian J Med Res. 2015;141(3):354-7. doi: 10.4103/0971-5916.156571.
19. Alvi T, Assad F, Ramzan M, Khan FA. Depression, anxiety and their associated factors among medical students. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2010;20(2):122-6.
20. Burani K, Nelson BD. Gender differences in anxiety: The mediating role of sensitivity to unpredictable threat. Int J Psychophysiol. 2020;153:127-134. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.001.
21. Samami M, Farrahi H, Alinia M. The relationship between dental anxiety and oral health literacy with oral health-related quality of life. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):567. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-04359-7.
22. Aragão WAB, Souza-Monteiro D, Frazão DR, Né YGS, Ferreira RO, Rivera LFS, et al. Is There Any Association Between Chronic Periodontitis and Anxiety in Adults? A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:710606. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.710606.
23. Suresh KV, Shenai P, Chatra L, Ronad YA, Bilahari N, Pramod RC, et al. Oral mucosal diseases in anxiety and depression patients: Hospital based observational study from south India. J Clin Exp Dent. 2015;7(1):e95-9. doi: 10.4317/jced.51764
24. Delgado-Angulo EK, Sabbah W, Suominen AL, Vehkalahti MM, Knuuttila M, Partonen T, et al. The association of depression and anxiety with dental caries and periodontal disease among Finnish adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2015;43(6):540-9. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12179.
25. Hoffmann B, Erwood K, Ncomanzi S, Fischer V, O'Brien D, Lee A. Management strategies for adult patients with dental anxiety in the dental clinic: a systematic review. Aust Dent J. 2022;67(1):S3-S13. doi: 10.1111/adj.12926.
26. Atif S, Syed SA, Sherazi UR, Rana S. Determining the relationship among stress, xerostomia, salivary flow rate, and the quality of life of undergraduate dental students. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2020;16(1):9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.10.019.
27. Alharbi A, Humphris G, Freeman R. The Associations among Dental Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dent J (Basel). 2023;11(7):179. doi: 10.3390/dj11070179.