Prevencija kardiovaskularnih oboljenja
Sažetak
Kardiovaskularne bolesti u prosjeku skraćuju životni vijek za 10 godina. I dalje zauzimaju prvo mjesto u ukupnom mortalitetu. Prema rezultatima istraživanja tokom poslednje dekade, broj oboljelih od KVB će i dalje rasti, uglavnom na račun porasta gojaznosti i broja oboljelih od diabetes mellitusa. U prevenciji KVB se insistira na ispitivanju prisustva svih faktora rizika, jer oni potenciraju jedan drugog i znatno povećavaju rizik za pojavu KVB. Populaciona i visoko-rizična preventivna strategija treba da budu komplementarne, primjena mjera prevencije samo kod visoko-rizičnih osoba je manje efikasna, potrebni su edukacioni programi za cijelu populaciju.
Cilj treba da bude redukcija rizika za pojavu KVB; ako cilj ne može biti postignut uticajem na jedan faktor rizika, rizik se još uvijek može redukovati intenzivnijim djelovanjem na druge faktore rizika. Uvijek treba imati na umu promjenu stila života i životnih navika bez kojih nema adekvatne prevencije KVB, bez obzira na primjenu različitih ljekova.
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) shorten average human life for 10 years. In total mortality rate they occupy the top of the list. According to the researches during the last decade, number of patients with CVD will continue to increase mainly due to obesity raise and increase in number of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. At the same time in CVD prevention presence of all risk factors is taken into consideration since they potentiate one another and significantly increase risk for CV event. Population and high-risk preventive strategies should be complementary; an approach limited to high-risk persons will be less effective; population education programs are still needed.
In both strategies, the goal is reduction of risk for occurrence of fatal CVD event. If the goal cannot be reached by reduction of one risk factor, risk for fatal CVD can be reduced by acting upon other risk factors more intensively. We should always consider modification of lifestyle since there is no adequate CVD prevention without it regardless application of various medicines.
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