The influences of antipsychotics therapy at cognitive impairments in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Abstract
Significant degree of cognitive impairment represents one of the basic cornerstones among clinical manifestations of the schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders and accordingly to some authors it is present in up to 75% patients with these psychopathological syndromes.
The aim of this study was to exam degree of cognitive impairment, firstly among patients on first generation antipsychotics therapy (FGA) compared to the patients on second generation antipsychotics therapy (SGA), and secondly to compare both groups of patients with healthy controls.
Material and methods: Prospective, parallel research was conducted, in which the sample of patients and employees of Specialized Psychiatric Hospital Kotor was tested with Montreal Cognition Scale (MoCA). There were 66 participants in the sample and they were divided on four subgroups: 1. Patients with FGA therapy; 2. Patients with SGA therapy; 3 Patients with combined FGA and SGA therapy; 4 Healthy controls.
Results: All three groups of patients had statistically significantly lower mean MoCA scores in the comparison with healthy controls. The fact that among 83.7% of patients was diagnosed significant degree of cognitive decline (MoCA score bellow 26) strongly speaks in favor of high sensitivity of MoCA test in detection of cognitive impairment among patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders. In addition, the group of patients with FGA therapy also had statistically significantly lower mean MoCA score compared to patients with SGA therapy
Discussion: The mechanisms of explanation of these results can be additionally enlightened with further studies on larger samples of patients, which would investigate the correlation between extrapyramidal symptomatology, anticholinergic therapy and cognitive deficit.
Key words: Schizophrenia, cognitive impairments, antipsychotics therapy.
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