САУЧЕСНИШТВО ИЗВРШИОЦА ЗЛОЧИНА, СА ПОСЕБНИМ ОСВРТОМ НА СЛУЧАЈЕВЕ ИЗ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СЕВЕРНЕ МАКЕДОНИЈЕ
Ključne reči:
жена, извршилац, саизвршилац, злочин, саучесник, Северна Македонија
Sažetak
Историјска учења и покушаји да се разуме целокупно учешће жена у криминалу показали су нам да се у одређеним моментима идеја коју је наука имала о учешћу жена своди на њено подстицање или помагање у чињењу злочина. Наиме, сматра се да је „витешко” понашање мушкарца допринело све ређем откривању криминалног понашања жене. Једна од карактеристика која преовладава у већини случајева када се жена појављује као извршилац кривичног дела јесте да то не чини сама. Код жена преовлађује афект и она је самостална у улози злочинца када је учињена у афекту, посебно када изврши убиства или тешке телесне повреде интимног партнера или блиског лица, али када се озбиљно бави злочиначким, рецидивистичким и професионалним активностима, најчешће је у пратњи других лица, па се јавља као саизвршилац или као саучесник у кривичном делу. Сматрамо да је ова тема интересантна за разматрање из разлога што би укупна статистика могла бити веома различита у односу на укупно учешће жена у криминалу ако су у било ком тренутку остављене саме, а такође и у зависности од тога ко се појављује у улози саизвршиоца. Анализом теоријског сагледавања проблема и статистике у нашој земљи, желимо да проверимо да ли су таква схватања тачна и да ли бисмо могли да допринесемо разумевању и превенцији женског криминала у Северној Македонији и окружењу.
Reference
Books:
Apasiev, D. (2016). Roman Judicial Law, book one, the judicial system in the time of the Kingdom. Skopje: Europe 92.
Kaiser, G. (1996). Criminology. Skopje: Alexandria.
Kambovski, V. (2006). Criminal law. Skopje: 2nd August – Shtip
Sulejmanov, Z.(2007). Kriminologija. Skopje: Grafohartija,
Book chapter:
Allum, F. (2007). In: G. Fiandaca (Ed.), Doing it for themselves or standing in for their men? Women in the Neapolitan Camorra (1950-2003), Women and the Mafia, Female Roles in Organized Crime Structures (pp.9-17), Springer.
Di Maria, F., Lo Verso, G.(2007). In: G. Fiandaca (Ed.) Women in Mafia Organizations (pp 87-101), Women and the Mafia, Female Roles in Organized Crime Structures, vol 5. Springer, New York.
Maksimova, E. & Koshevaliska, O. (2023) In: A. Stanojoska, D.Dimovski & E. Maksimova (Eds.), Bettered woman syndrome in female perpetrators in Republic of North Macedonia. The Handbook of Female Criminality in the Former Yugoslav Countries (pp.133-163), Springer.
Articles:
Arbai, S. (1999) Females and Street Gangs: The Causes, Consequences and Solutions, EDGE, Ethics of development in a global environment, Poverty and Prejudice, Gangs of all colour, https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/gangcolor/femalegang.htm;
Barlow, C. & Weare, S. (2019) Women as co-offenders: pathways into crime and offending motivations. Howard Journal, 58, 86-103.
Barlow, C. (2015) silencing the other: gendered representations of co-accused women offenders. Howard Journal, 54, 469-88
Becker, S. & McCorkel, J.A (2011) The gender of criminal opportunity: The impact of male co-offenders on women’s crime. Feminist Criminology.
Daly, K. (1989) Gender and varieties of white-collar crime, Criminology, volume 27, no.4, 1989, 769-794;
Koons-Witt, B. & Schram, P.J. (2003). The prevalence and nature of violent offending by females. Journal of Criminal Justice,31(4), 361-371.
Kosevaliska, O., Tusevska, B. & Maksimova, E. (2018) Criminological aspects of pink collar crime. Balkan Social Science Review, 11 (11). 51-64.
Koshevaliska, O., Maksimova, E.(2019) Historical Overview of Phenomenology of Crimes Committed by Woman, With Special Emphasis on the Middle Ages, Balkan Social Science Review, vol 13.
Lantz, B. (2020) Co-offending group composition and violence: the impact of sex, age and group size on co-offending violence. Crime &Delinquency 66, 93-122.
McNeeley (2021) Gender, Co-offending and Recidivism among a simple od robbery and burglary offenders, Crime & Delinquency, Sage, 916-940
Meguire, M., Morgan, R., Reiner, R.(2012) The Oxford Handbook of criminology fourth edition, Oxford University Press.
Miller, J.(1998) Up it up: Gender and the accomplishment of street robbery. Criminology. vol.36, no.1, 57-58;
Mullins, C.& Wright, R. (2003) Gender, social networks and residential burglary. Criminology. 41(3), 813-40
Schwarts, J., Steffensmeier, D. (2008) The nature of female offending: Patterns and Explanations. Jones and Barlett Publisher.
Walklate, S.(2007) Undarstanding criminology, current theoretical debates, third edition, Open University Press.
Welle, D.& Falkin, G.(200) The everyday policing of women with romantic co-defendants, Women and Criminal Justice, 11(2).
Documents downloaded from the Internet:
Public Prosecutor (2021) Official announcement about criminal prosecution, Downloaded September 19. 2023 ОЈО Скопје поднесе обвинение за изнуда – ЈАВНО ОБВИНИТЕЛСТВО НА РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА (jorm.gov.mk)
Web/newspaper articles
Stanojoska, A.(2020, Fevruary 11). The reasons behind the criminal behavior of women against the absurdities in outdated Macedonian textbooks, Medusa. Accessed on June 10, 2023. Причините зад криминалното однесување на жените наспроти апсурдите во застарените македонски учебници - Медуза (meduza.mk)
Waldemar, R.(2008, April 23) Women and Criminal Gangs, The role of women in gangs and in perpetuating gangs is multi-faceted, Accessed on June 15, 2023. http://www.policemag.com/blog/gangs/story/2008/04/women-and-criminal-gangs.aspx;
2019, June 3, Angela arrested, together with Ali killed Pino and buried him above Ljuboten, 24INFO.MK, Accessed on September 18, 2023, Ангела уапсена, заедно со Али го убиле Пино и го закопале над Љуботен - 24info.mk
2019, June 18, The mother of beastly killed Pino reviled messages from the accused Angela, Fokus, Accessed on September 18, 2023, Мајката на ѕверски убиениот Пино објави пораки од осомничената Ангела – Фокус (fokus.mk)
Landov, K. (2021, October 13) Verdict on 19 years again about the murder of Pino, the Gjorgievska’s attorney claims its without evidence, A1mk, Accessed on September 18, 2023 Повторно досудени 19 години за убиството на Пино, адвокатот на Ѓорѓиевска тврди дека е без докази (a1on.mk) (last accessed on 18.9.2023)
2022, April, 9, Public Procesutor – Three suspects for the murder of handball player Tot, Radio Slobodna Evropa, Accessed on September 18, 2023, ОЈО - Тројца осомничени за убиство на ракометарот Тот (slobodnaevropa.mk)
Donev, M. (2022, November 11) Verdict over murder of handball player Denis Tot, Andzelo and Klementina get 18 years, Andrej got 16 years imprisonment, 24.mk, Accessed on September 18, 2023 Телевизија 24: Пресуда за убиството на ракометарот Денис Тот, Анџело и Клементина добија 18 години, Андреј 16 години затвор
2022, November, 30, In live: Verdict for the murder of Croatian handball player Denis Tot, Republika, Accessed on September 18, 2023ВО ЖИВО: Пресуда за убиството на хрватскиот ракометар Денис Тот - Република (republika.mk) (last accessed on 18.9.2023)
Apasiev, D. (2016). Roman Judicial Law, book one, the judicial system in the time of the Kingdom. Skopje: Europe 92.
Kaiser, G. (1996). Criminology. Skopje: Alexandria.
Kambovski, V. (2006). Criminal law. Skopje: 2nd August – Shtip
Sulejmanov, Z.(2007). Kriminologija. Skopje: Grafohartija,
Book chapter:
Allum, F. (2007). In: G. Fiandaca (Ed.), Doing it for themselves or standing in for their men? Women in the Neapolitan Camorra (1950-2003), Women and the Mafia, Female Roles in Organized Crime Structures (pp.9-17), Springer.
Di Maria, F., Lo Verso, G.(2007). In: G. Fiandaca (Ed.) Women in Mafia Organizations (pp 87-101), Women and the Mafia, Female Roles in Organized Crime Structures, vol 5. Springer, New York.
Maksimova, E. & Koshevaliska, O. (2023) In: A. Stanojoska, D.Dimovski & E. Maksimova (Eds.), Bettered woman syndrome in female perpetrators in Republic of North Macedonia. The Handbook of Female Criminality in the Former Yugoslav Countries (pp.133-163), Springer.
Articles:
Arbai, S. (1999) Females and Street Gangs: The Causes, Consequences and Solutions, EDGE, Ethics of development in a global environment, Poverty and Prejudice, Gangs of all colour, https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/gangcolor/femalegang.htm;
Barlow, C. & Weare, S. (2019) Women as co-offenders: pathways into crime and offending motivations. Howard Journal, 58, 86-103.
Barlow, C. (2015) silencing the other: gendered representations of co-accused women offenders. Howard Journal, 54, 469-88
Becker, S. & McCorkel, J.A (2011) The gender of criminal opportunity: The impact of male co-offenders on women’s crime. Feminist Criminology.
Daly, K. (1989) Gender and varieties of white-collar crime, Criminology, volume 27, no.4, 1989, 769-794;
Koons-Witt, B. & Schram, P.J. (2003). The prevalence and nature of violent offending by females. Journal of Criminal Justice,31(4), 361-371.
Kosevaliska, O., Tusevska, B. & Maksimova, E. (2018) Criminological aspects of pink collar crime. Balkan Social Science Review, 11 (11). 51-64.
Koshevaliska, O., Maksimova, E.(2019) Historical Overview of Phenomenology of Crimes Committed by Woman, With Special Emphasis on the Middle Ages, Balkan Social Science Review, vol 13.
Lantz, B. (2020) Co-offending group composition and violence: the impact of sex, age and group size on co-offending violence. Crime &Delinquency 66, 93-122.
McNeeley (2021) Gender, Co-offending and Recidivism among a simple od robbery and burglary offenders, Crime & Delinquency, Sage, 916-940
Meguire, M., Morgan, R., Reiner, R.(2012) The Oxford Handbook of criminology fourth edition, Oxford University Press.
Miller, J.(1998) Up it up: Gender and the accomplishment of street robbery. Criminology. vol.36, no.1, 57-58;
Mullins, C.& Wright, R. (2003) Gender, social networks and residential burglary. Criminology. 41(3), 813-40
Schwarts, J., Steffensmeier, D. (2008) The nature of female offending: Patterns and Explanations. Jones and Barlett Publisher.
Walklate, S.(2007) Undarstanding criminology, current theoretical debates, third edition, Open University Press.
Welle, D.& Falkin, G.(200) The everyday policing of women with romantic co-defendants, Women and Criminal Justice, 11(2).
Documents downloaded from the Internet:
Public Prosecutor (2021) Official announcement about criminal prosecution, Downloaded September 19. 2023 ОЈО Скопје поднесе обвинение за изнуда – ЈАВНО ОБВИНИТЕЛСТВО НА РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА (jorm.gov.mk)
Web/newspaper articles
Stanojoska, A.(2020, Fevruary 11). The reasons behind the criminal behavior of women against the absurdities in outdated Macedonian textbooks, Medusa. Accessed on June 10, 2023. Причините зад криминалното однесување на жените наспроти апсурдите во застарените македонски учебници - Медуза (meduza.mk)
Waldemar, R.(2008, April 23) Women and Criminal Gangs, The role of women in gangs and in perpetuating gangs is multi-faceted, Accessed on June 15, 2023. http://www.policemag.com/blog/gangs/story/2008/04/women-and-criminal-gangs.aspx;
2019, June 3, Angela arrested, together with Ali killed Pino and buried him above Ljuboten, 24INFO.MK, Accessed on September 18, 2023, Ангела уапсена, заедно со Али го убиле Пино и го закопале над Љуботен - 24info.mk
2019, June 18, The mother of beastly killed Pino reviled messages from the accused Angela, Fokus, Accessed on September 18, 2023, Мајката на ѕверски убиениот Пино објави пораки од осомничената Ангела – Фокус (fokus.mk)
Landov, K. (2021, October 13) Verdict on 19 years again about the murder of Pino, the Gjorgievska’s attorney claims its without evidence, A1mk, Accessed on September 18, 2023 Повторно досудени 19 години за убиството на Пино, адвокатот на Ѓорѓиевска тврди дека е без докази (a1on.mk) (last accessed on 18.9.2023)
2022, April, 9, Public Procesutor – Three suspects for the murder of handball player Tot, Radio Slobodna Evropa, Accessed on September 18, 2023, ОЈО - Тројца осомничени за убиство на ракометарот Тот (slobodnaevropa.mk)
Donev, M. (2022, November 11) Verdict over murder of handball player Denis Tot, Andzelo and Klementina get 18 years, Andrej got 16 years imprisonment, 24.mk, Accessed on September 18, 2023 Телевизија 24: Пресуда за убиството на ракометарот Денис Тот, Анџело и Клементина добија 18 години, Андреј 16 години затвор
2022, November, 30, In live: Verdict for the murder of Croatian handball player Denis Tot, Republika, Accessed on September 18, 2023ВО ЖИВО: Пресуда за убиството на хрватскиот ракометар Денис Тот - Република (republika.mk) (last accessed on 18.9.2023)
