The effects of a synthetic insecticide and a mineral oil on alfalfa insect pests
Abstract
The effects of the synthetic insecticide Eforia 043 ZK (thiamethoxam+lambdacyhalothrin),
applied alone and at 1/5 and 2/5 reduced doses in a mix with the mineral
oil Akarzin, on Tychius flavus Beck. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Adelphocoris lineolatus
Goeze (Hemiptera: Miridae), Acyrthosiphon pisum Harr. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), harmful
thrips (Thysanoptera) and cicadas (Hemiptera: suborder Auchenorrhyncha) were studied.
The efficacy of Eforia (applied alone and in reduced doses) was significantly higher
against A. pisum, followed by A. lineolatus and harmful thrips, compared to cicadas. The
insecticidal action of Akarzin had a better protective effect against A. pisum, followed
by A. lineolatus, in comparison with thrips and cicadas. Combined application of the
broad-spectrum insecticide Eforia provided good control against insect pests. The mix
of Eforia’s reduced 1/5 dose with the mineral oil showed the highest toxicity throughout
the reporting period. Eforia applied at the reduced dose of 2/5 with Akarzin followed
in efficacy. A synergistic effect was observed in combinations and was defined as subadditive
synergism. Reduced dosage of Eforia and decrease in negative environmental
impact of the plant protection products is a friendly approach to integrated pest control.
It is important to apply innovative formulations of plant protection products that are safer
both for plants and the environment.
References
Abro, G.H., Dybas, R.A., Green, A.St.J., & Wright, D.J. (1988). Toxicity of avermectin B1 against a susceptible laboratory strain and an insecticide resistant strain of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 81, 1575-1580. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/81.6.1575
Al-Mrabeh, A., Anderson, E., Torrance, L., Evans, A., & Fenton, B. (2010). A literature review of insecticide and mineral oil use in preventing the spread of non-persistent viruses in potato crops. Retrieved from Potato Council, Agriculture & Horticulture Development Board at: https://potatoes.ahdb.org.uk/sites/default/files/publication_upload/Review%20of%20Spray%20Oils%20Insecticides%20and%20Potyvirus%20Transmission.pdf
Аngello, A.M. (2002). Petroleum-derived spray oils: chemistry, history, refining and formulation. In: Beattie A., Watson D., Stevens M., Rae D., Spooner-Hart R. (Eds), Spray oils beyond 2000 – Sustainable pest and disease management (pp 2-18). Hawkesbury, Australia: University of Western Sydney. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228697386_Petroleum_derived_spray_oils_chemistry_history_refining_and_formulation
Atanasov, A., Dinkova, H., Dragoiski, K., Maneva, S., Georgiev, D., Velichkov, A., & Kirilova, G. (2012). New plantprotection system for organic production in later ripening plum variety. Acta Entomologica Bulgarica, 15 (1-2), 44-54. Available at: https: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vasilina_Maneva/publication/280012228_Mane va _V_Le c e va _ I _ 2012 _Li s tni _v sk i _HEMIPTERA_APHIDIDAE_pri_nakoj_zrneno_-_zitni_kulturi_v_rajona_na_Ugoiztocna_Blgaria/links/55a3abb608aed99da24c5b1e/Maneva-V-Leceva-I-2012-Listni-vski-HEMIPTERA-APHIDIDAE-prinakoj-zrneno-zitni-kulturi-v-rajona-na-Ugoiztocna-Blgaria.pdf (in Bulgarian)
Carvalho Guedes, R.N., Picanco, M.C., Pinheiro Guedes, NM., & Medeira, N.R. (1995). Sinergismo do oleo mineral sobre a toxicidade de inseticidas para Scrobipalpuloides absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) [Synergism of mineral oil with insecticide toxicity for Scrobipalpuloides absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)]. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 30, 313-318. Available at: ttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/281006421
Davidson N.A., Dibble, J.E., Flint, M.L., Marer, P.J., & Guye, A. (1991). Managing insects and mites with spray oils. Oakland, CA: University of California. (Special Publication 3347). Available at: https://www.bookdepository.com/Managing-Insects-Mites-with-Spray-Oils-Nita-Davidson/9781879906075
Demkin, A.V. (2007). Pea aphids and its harmfulness depending on the conditions of mineral nutrition and the use of insecticides. In Proceedings of the International Conference „Integrated crop protection and pest monitoring in modern agriculture” (pp 99-102). Stavropol, Russia: Agrus [in Russian].
Dimitrov, D. (2008). Harmful and useful entomofauna in some cereal-legumes. (PhD thesis). General Toshevo, Bulgaria: Agricultural Academy. (in Bulgarian). Available at: http://www.geocities.ws/dimitrov_dai/diss.pdf
Gardner-Gee R, Puketapu, A, MacDonald, F., & Connolly, P. (2013). Effect of selected oils and insecticides on beneficial insect species. A report prepared for: Potatoes New Zealand Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research. Available at: file:///C:/Users/Iv/Downloads/8405-Gardner-Gee-Effect-of-oils-andinsecticides-on-benef-PFR-2013-528....pdf
Georgieva, N., & Nikolova, I. (2010). Study of the influence of new biologically active substances on the grain yield and density of Acyrthosiphon pisi Kalt. (Homoptera, Aphididae) in spring forage pea. General and applied plant physiology, 36(1-2), 38-46. Available at: http://www.bio21.bas.bg/ipp/
Godfrey, L., Goodell, P., Barlow, V., Natwick, E., & Long, R. (2013). Insect pest management issues in alfalfa – challenges and questions. In Western Alfalfa & Forage Symposium. Oakland, CA: University of California. Available at: https://alfalfa.ucdavis.edu/+symposium/2013/files/ppt/13WAS-21_Godfrey_AlfalfaPests.pdf
Henderson, C.F., & Tilton, E.W. (1955). Tests with acaricides against the brow wheat mite. Journal of Economic Entomology, 48, 157-161. Available at: http://www.ehabsoft.com/ldpline/onlinecontrol.htm
Karagić, Đ., Jevtić, G., & Terzić, D. (2010). Forage legumes seed production in Serbia. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 26(sp.i.), 133-148. (XII International Symposium on Forage Crops of Republic of Serbia). Available at: http://symposium.ikbks.com/book-1.pdf
Lugić, Z., Lazarević, D., Erić, P., Mihajlović, V., & Vučković, S. (2010). The state of forage crops production in Serbia. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 26(sp.i.), 29-47. (XII International Symposium on Forage Crops of Republic of Serbia). Available at: http://symposium.ikbks.com/book-1.pdf
Margaritopoulos, J.T., Tsamandani, K., Kanavaki, O.M., Katis, N.I., & Tsitsipis, J.A. (2009). Efficacy of pymetrozine against Myzus persicae and in reducing potato virus Y transmission on tobacco plants. Journal of Applied Entomology, 134, 323–332. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01468.x
McLaren, D. (2008). Potato virus Y (PVYO and PVYN:O) impact on potato cultivars and management through oil prays. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Available at: http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/?id=1299166065707
Mujica, N., Pravatiner, M., & Cisneros, F. (2000). Effectiveness of abamectin and plant-oil mixtures on eggs and larvae of the leafminer fly, Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard. CIP Program Report 1999 – 2000, 161-166. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237675185
Nikolova, I. (2010). Study on the efficacy of Regen 800 WG for the control of Bruchus pisorum L. (Coleoptera, Bruchidae). In: Proceedings of the International conference „Present and Future of Aviation Education in the Balkan-Black Sea Region of Europe” (pp 240-242), Dolna Mitropoliya, Bulgaria.
Nikolova, I., & Georgieva, N. (2010). Use of preparations with different biological effect in spring vetch and their influence on the productivity and insect pest density. General and Applied Plant Physiology, 36 (1-2), 28-37. Available at: http://www.bio21.bas.bg/ipp/gapbfiles/v-36/GAPP_v36_1-2_28-37.pdf
Nikolova, I., & Georgieva, N. (2015). Systems of organic farming in spring vetch I: Biological response of sucking insect pests. Pesticides and Phytomedicine, 30 (2), 77–84. doi: 10.2298/PIF1502077N
Pluschkell, U., Horowitz, AR., & Ishaaya, I. (1999). Effect of milbemectin on the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Phytoparasitica, 27 (3), 183-191. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02981457
Rae, D.J., Beattie, G.A.C., Huang, M.D., Yang, Y.P., & Ouyang, G.C. (2006). Use of horticultural and agricultural mineral oils in citrus IPDM. Guangdong Guangzhou, China: Scientific Technology Press.
Schuster, D.J. & Everett, P.H. (1983). Response of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) to insecticides on tomato. Journal of Economic Entomology, 76(5), 1170-1174. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/76.5.1170
Simons, J.N., McLean, D.L., & Kinsey, M.G. (1977). Effects of mineral-oil on probing behavior and transmission of stylet-borne viruses by Myzus persicae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 70, 309-315. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/70.3.309
Simons, J.N. & Zitter, T.A (1980). Use of oils to control aphid born viruses. Plant Disease, 64, 542-546. doi: 10.1094/PD-64-542
Stansly, P.A., Liu, T.X., & Schuster, D.J. (2002). Effects of horticultural mineral oils on a polyphagous whitefly, its plant hosts and its natural enemies. In G.A.C. Beattie (Ed.), Spray Oils Beyond 2000: Sustainable Pest and Disease Management (pp 120-133). Sydney, Australia: University of Western Sydney Press.
Statgraphics Plus for Windows. Version 2.1. [Computer software]. (1995). Rockville, MD, USA: SAS.
Suranyi, R. (1999). Crop borders and mineral oils: two tactics for management of PVY in seed potatoes. Aphid alert, 6(a). Available at: http//Ipmworld.Umn.Edu/Alert.Html.
Tsibulko, V.S., Buryak, Y., Popov, S., & Chornobab, O.V. (2000). Pea, winter vetch, lucerne. Novelties in the technology of cultivation for seed. Kharkov, Ukraine: University Press.
Vu, T.K.V., Tran, M.T., & Dang, T.T.S. (2007). A survey of manure management on pig farms in northern Vietnam. Livestock Science, 112, 288-297. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.09.008
Yankova, V., Markova, D., Todorova, V., & Velichkov, G. (2009). Biological activity of certain oils in control of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulz.) on pepper. (IV Balkan Symposium on Vegetable and Potatoes, Bulgaria). Acta Horticulturae, 830(2), 619-626. Available at: https://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?booknrarnr=830_90
Yeo, H-G., Choi, M., Chun, M-Y., & Sunwoo, Y. (2003). Concentration distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides and their relationship with temperature in rural air of Korea. Atmospheric Environment, 37(27), 3831-3839. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00456-4
Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the non-exclusive right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media.
The published articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-SA). It is allowed to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and remix, transform, and build upon it for any purpose, even commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s), a link to the license is provided, it is indicated if changes were made and the new work is distributed under the same license as the original.
Users are required to provide full bibliographic description of the original publication (authors, article title, journal title, volume, issue, pages), as well as its DOI code. In electronic publishing, users are also required to link the content with both the original article published in Pesticidi i fitomedicina (Pesticides and Phytomedicine) and the licence used.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.