Dispersion of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedem. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mandarin Orchards on Montenegrin Seacoast
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Widem. has been an established pest on the Montenegrin seacoast for more than ten years, although with variable abundance in different years and localities.
From an economic aspect, its most important host in Montenegro is the mandarin unshiu (Citrus unshiu Marc.), particularly its cultivar Owari. Dispersion of C. capitata in citrus orchards (prevailingly mandarin) was monitored on Baošići, Lastva Grbaljska and Bar localities during 2003 and 2004.
The results of this study showed that, during both years, peripheral-row trees (primarily the first row) in citrus orchards were more exposed to attacks by C. capitata than middle and last rows. In 2003, the average number of larvae in mandarin fruits in first rows varied from 11.4±0.59 to 40.1±0.67, from 7.04±0.47 to 28.8±0.48 and from 2.9±0.07 to 17.3±0.54 on the localities of Baošići, Lastva Grbaljska and Bar, respectively. On the same localities, it ranged from 7.4±0.34 to 16.9±0.4, from 0.0 to 18.7±0.32 and from 0.0 to 9.93±0.56 in middle rows, and from 3.0±0.28 to 16.8±0.77, from 0.0 to 20.9±0.38 and from 0.0 to 13.1±0.39 in last rows. Data collected at Baošići, Lastva Grbaljska and Bar in 2003 also suggest that the average number of larvae per mandarin fruit in first rows was 1.78-2.08 times higher than in middle rows, and 1.25-1.77 times higher than in last rows. In 2004, the average number of larvae in mandarin fruits in first rows varied from 7.3±0.27 to 8.3±0.45, from 7.2±0.23 to 17.6±0.59 and from 3.8±0.1 to 8.8±0.25 on the localities of Baošići, Lastva Grbaljska and Bar, respectively. On these localities, it ranged from 1.7 ±0.17 to 3.3±0.19, from 1.1±0.12 to 3.5±0.8 and from 0.0 to 0.8±0.14 in middle rows, and from 1.7±0.17 to 3.6±0.32, from 0.0 to 4.0±0.26 and from 0.0 to 0.2±0.06 in last rows. Data collected in 2004 also showed that the average number of larvae in mandarin fruits in first rows on the same localities was 3.12-15.75 times higher than in middle rows, and 2.94 -6.3 times higher than in last rows.
References
Bodenheimer, F.S. (1951): Citrus Entomology in the Middle East. Gronningen (Holland).
Cohen, H., Yuval, B. (2000): Perimeter Trapping Strategy to Reduce Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Damage on Different Host Species in Israel. J Econ. Entomol. 93(3):721-725.
Delrio, G., Ortu, S. (1988): Attraction of Ceratitis capitata to sex pheromones Trimedlure, Ammonium and Protein Bait Traps. Bulletin SROP, 11 (6), 20-25.
Fimiani, P. (1989): Part 2. Pest Status. Chapter 2.1. Mediterranean Region. In: World Crop Pest, 3A. Fruit Flies –Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control (Ed. by Robinson, A.S., Hooper, G.), pp. 39-50. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Fischer – Colbrie, P., Busch – Petersen, E. (1989): Part. 2. Pest Status. Chapter 2.8. Temperate Europe and West Asia. In: World Crop Pest, 3A. Fruit Flies. Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. (Ed. by Robinson, A.S., Hooper, G.), pp. 91-99. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agerey (2003): Trapping Guidelines for Area – Wide Fruit Fly Programmes. IAEA, Vienna, 2003.
Liquido, N.J., Barr, P.G., Cunningham, R.T. (1998): MEDHOST: An Encyclopedic bibliography of the Host Plants of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (electronic database/program). USDA, Agriculture Research Service. ARS – 144 In: F.C. Thompson (ed), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Biosystematic Information Database. Diptera Data Dissemination Disk (CD – Rom) (1988), D:/MEDHOST.
Thomas, M.C., Heppner, J.B., Woodruff, R.E., Weems, H.V., Steck, G.J., Fasulo, T.R. (2001): Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Insecta: Diptera, Tephritidae): University of Florida, IFAS Extension, EENY – 214.
Umeh, V.C., Olaniyan, A.A., Ker, J., Andir, J. (2004): Development of citrus fruit fly control strategies for small-holders in Nigeria. Fruits, vol. 59 (4), 265-274.
www.eppo.org
www.dpi.vic.gov.au/agriculture/farming-management/
2. Christenson, L.D., Foote, R.H.: Biology of Fruit Flies. Ann. Rev. of Entomology, Vol. 5, 171-192, 1960.
1. Israely, N., Oman, S.D.: Effect of Combined Insecticide Sprays and Sanitation Techniques on Population Dynamics of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Central Mountains of Israel. Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 98, No 3, 739-748, 2005.
1. Katsoyannos B, Kouloussis NA, Carey J.R.: Seasonal and Annual Occurrence of Mediterranean Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Chios Island, Greece: Differences Between Two Neighboring Citrus Orchards. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 91, 43-51, 1998.
1. Navarro, V.: Nuevas estrategias en el control de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedenann): V Congreso citricola de L’Horta Sud. Ediciones y Promociones L.A.V., S.L. para Ajuntament de Picassent. Valencia, 25-51, 2002.
12. Papadopoulos, N.T. Carey, J.R., Katsoyannos, B.I., Kouloussis, N.A.: Overwintering of Ceratis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Greece. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 89(4): 526-534, 1996.
13. Radonjić, S.: The Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedem. (Diptera, Tephritidae) on the Montenegrin seacoast and its impact on agricultural production. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture- Zemun, 2008.
1. Sciarretta A, Trematerra P. I.: Spatio-temporal distribution of Ceratitis capitata population in a heterogeneous landscape in Central Italy. J. Appl. Entomol. 135, 241–251, 2010.
1. White, I.M., Elson-Harris, M.M.: Fruit Flies of Economic Significance. Their Identification and Bionomics. CABI Publishing, CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1992.
Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the non-exclusive right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media.
The published articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-SA). It is allowed to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and remix, transform, and build upon it for any purpose, even commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s), a link to the license is provided, it is indicated if changes were made and the new work is distributed under the same license as the original.
Users are required to provide full bibliographic description of the original publication (authors, article title, journal title, volume, issue, pages), as well as its DOI code. In electronic publishing, users are also required to link the content with both the original article published in Pesticidi i fitomedicina (Pesticides and Phytomedicine) and the licence used.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.