Can Sclerotinia stem and root rot be managed effectively without causing environmental imbalance in soil?

Milica Mihajlović; Emil Rekanović; Jovana Hrustić; Mila Grahovac; Marija Stevanović; Brankica Tanović

doi:10.2298/PIF2301011M

Milica Mihajlović Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Banatska 31b, 11080 Beograd, Srbija
Emil Rekanović Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Banatska 31b, 11080 Beograd, Srbija
Jovana Hrustić Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Banatska 31b, 11080 Beograd, Srbija
Mila Grahovac Poljoprivredni fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Srbija
Marija Stevanović Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Banatska 31b, 11080 Beograd, Srbija
Brankica Tanović Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Banatska 31b, 11080 Beograd, Srbija

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF2301011M

Ključne reči: zemljišni patogeni, fungicidi, biološko suzbijanje, antagonističko delovanje, procena rizika za zemljište

Sažetak

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum je kosmopolitski, polifagni patogen, koji parazitira preko 400 biljnih vrsta. U radu je ispitana osetljivost izolata S. sclerotiorum na nekoliko komercijalnih fungicida i biofungicida u laboratorijskim i uslovima in vivo. Najviša efikasnost je zabeležena u tretmanu boskalidom (98%) i fluopiramom (80%), a najniža u varijanti sa biološkim preparatom na bazi antagonističke bakterije B. subtilis (5%). U uslovima in vitro, izolat S. sclerotiorum je ispoljio osetljivost na sve testirane fungicide. Fluopiram (EC50=0.003 mg/l) je bio najtoksičniji za odabrani izolat, od svih preparata korišćenih u istraživanju, dok je kaptan (EC50=8.94mg/l) ispoljio najnižu toksičnost među sintetičkim fungicidima. U tretmanima u kojima su primenjivani
biološki preparati na bazi ulja čajnog drveta i B. subtilis zabeleženo je najslabije dejstvo na patogena in vitro. Još jedan od aspekata koji je proučavan u radu, bio je uticaj odabranih fungicida i biofungicida na životnu sredinu. Modelovanje očekivanih koncentracija u zemljištu (PEC soil), uz literaturne podatke o toksičnosti, korišćeni su u proceni rizika od pesticida za organizme u zemljištu. Visok dugotrajan rizik za kišne gliste utvrđen je kod izloženosti kaptanu i tiofanat-metilu. Na osnovu rezultata efikasnosti i procene rizika utvrđeno je da fluopiram ima najbolja svojstva od svih ispitivanih konvencionalnih pesticida, dok su kod biopesticida na bazi ulja čajnog drveta utvrđena bolja svojstva u odnosu na preparat koji sadrži sporogenu bakteriju B. subtilis. Dalja ispitivanja efekata kombinovane primene konvencionalnih preparata
i biopesticida daće smernice za efikasnije suzbijanje S. sclerotiorum, uz smanjenje negativnih efekata na životnu sredinu i neciljne organizme.

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Da li je moguće efikasno suzbijanje Sclerotinia sclerotiorum bez narušavanja mikrobiološke ravnoteže u zemljištu?

Sažetak

Reference