Damage Caused by White Snail Cernuella virgata (Da Costa) to Green Onion Crop
Abstract
Damage caused by the white snail Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778) was for the first time observed in vegetable crops in Serbia during the summers of 2011 and 2012. In this country, serious damage to vegetable crops is usually caused by slugs, while snails do not normally cause any significant harm. Typical xerophilic snail species in the genera Cernuella, Xerolenta and Theba cause damage even more rarely since they are limited to wild flora in uncultivated and ruderal areas, and local outbreaks occur seldom and only in forage leguminous crops. The species C. virgata was for the first time found to cause damage to a number of vegetable crops during long periods of extremely warm and dry weather, including total devastation of a green onion crop.
References
--
Baker, G.H. (1988). The Dispersal of Cernuella-Virgata (Mollusca, Helicidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 36(5), 513-520. doi:10.1071/ZO9880513
Baker, G.H. (1996). Population dynamics of the Mediterranean snail, Cernuella virgata, in a pasture-cereal rotation in South Australia. In: Henderson (Ed.), Slug and Snail Pests in Agriculture. BCPC Symposium Proceedings. 117-124.
Baker, G.H. (2002). Helicidae and Hygromiidae as pests in cereal crops and pastures in southern Australia. In G.M. Barker (Ed.), Molluscs as Crop Pests. (pp. 193-215). Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
Bank, R.A. (2011). Fauna Europaea: Pulmonata, Hygromiidae. In Europaea version 2.4. Retrieved from http://www.faunaeur.org
Bank, R.A. (2011). Fauna Europaea: Mollusca Gastropoda. Checklist of the land and freshwater Gastropoda of Albania and former Yugoslavia. In Fauna Europaea version 2. 4. Fauna Europaea Project. (pp. 1-59). Retrieved from http://www.nmbe.uni-be.ch/sites/default/files/ uploads/pubinv/fauna_europaea_-_ gastropoda_of_albania__former_yugoslavia.pdf 2011 Jul 24.
Barker, G.M. (2002). Molluscs as crop pests. (p. 468). Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
Cowie, R.H., Dillon, R.T., Robinson, D.G., & Smith, J.W. (2009). Alien non-marine snails and slugs of priority quarantine importance in the United States: A preliminary risk assessment. American Malacological Bulletin, 27(1-2), 113-132. doi:10.4003/006.027.0210
Dittbrenner, N., Lazzara, R., Köhler, H.R., Mazzia, C., Capowiez, Y., & Triebskorn, R. (2009). Heat tolerance in mediterranean land snails: histopathology after exposure to different temperature regimes. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 75, 9-18.
Donovan, D. (2009). Biology 460-Invertebrate zoology. Retrieved from www.biol.wwu.edu/donovan/ biolоgy460/Mollusca_Lopho.pdf
Georgiev, D.M., Kostadinova, A., & Georgiev, B.B. (2003). Land snails in the transmission of protostrongylids on pastures in Southern Bulgaria: variability of infection levels related to environmental factors. Acta Parasitologica, 48(3), 208-217.
Godan, D. (1983). Pest slugs and snails: Biology and control. (p. 445). Berlin - Heidelberg - New York: Springer-Verlag.
Hausdorf, B., & Sauer, J. (2009). Revision of the Helicellinae of Crete (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 373-419.
Jovanović, B. (1995). Diverzitet puževa (Gastropoda, Mollusca) Jugoslavije sa pregledom vrsta od međunarodnog značaja. In V. Stevanović & V. Vasić (Eds.), Biodiverzitet Jugoslavije - sa pregledom vrsta od međunarodnog značaja. (pp. 291-306). Beograd: Biološki fakultet; Beograd: Ecolibri.
Leonard, E., Baker, G.H., & Hopkins, D. (2003). "Bash ‘Em, Burn ‘Em, Bait ‘Em. Integrated snail management in crops and pastures. (p. 40). Adelaide: South Australian Research and Development Institute.
Liharev, I.M., & Shapiro, J.S. (1987). Slizni - vrediteli selskogo hozjaistva. (p. 190). Leningradskoe otdelenie: Izdateljstvo-Nauka.
López, C., Panadero, R., Díez, P., & Morrondo, P. (1998). Effect of the infection by Neostrongylus linearis on the survival of the intermediate host Cernuella (Cernuella) virgata. Parasite, 5(2), 181-4. pmid:9754315
Manganelli, G., & Giusti, F. (1988). Notulae Malacologicae, XXXVIII. A new Hygromiidae from the Italian Apennines and notes on the genus Cernuella and related taxa (Pulmonata: Helicoidea). Bollettino malacologico, 23, 327-380.
Michalak, P.S. (2010). New pest response guidelines: Temperate terrestrial gastropods. In USDA-APHIS-Cooperating State Departments of Agriculture. Emergency and Domestic Programs. 6/2010-2.
Mienis, H.K., & Rittner, O. (2010). The presence of life specimens of Monacha cartusiana (O.F. Müller, 1774) and Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Hygromiidae) has prevented the import of 23 tons of apples from France into Israel. MalaCo, 6, 268-269.
Örstan, A. (2006). Rearing terrestrial gastropoda. In C.F. Sturm, T.A. Pearce, & A. Valdés (Eds.), The mollusks: A guide to their study, collection, and preservation. (pp. 287-293). American Malacological Society.
Pearce, T.A., & Örstan, A. (2006). Terrestrial Gastropoda. In C.F. Sturm, T.A. Pearce, & A. Valdés (Eds.), The mollusks: A guide to their study, collection, and preservation. (pp. 261-285). American Malacological Society.
Pomeroy, D.E. (1969). Some aspects of the ecology of the land snail, Helicella virgata, in South Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 17(3), 495-514. doi:10.1071/ZO9690495
Pomeroy, D.E. (1968). Dormancy in the land snail, Helicella virgata (Pulminata : Helicidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 16(5), 857-869. doi:10.1071/ZO9680857
Staikou, A.E. (1999). Shell temperature, activity and resistance to desiccation in the polymorphic land snail Cepaea vindobonensis. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 65, 171-184.
Stojnić, B., & Radonjić, S. (2010). Šete od puža peščara (Theba pisana Müller) na prostoru Ulcinja. Biljni lekar, 38(6), 452-463.
Welter-Schultes, F. (2009). Species summary for Cernuella virgata. (version 21-01-2009; last modified 08-04-2012). Retrieved from www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de
White-Mclean, J.A. (2011). Terrestrial Mollusc Tool. USDA/APHIS/PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology and the University of Florida. Retrieved from http://idtools.org/id/mollusc 2012 Dec 20.
--
Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the non-exclusive right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media.
The published articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-SA). It is allowed to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and remix, transform, and build upon it for any purpose, even commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s), a link to the license is provided, it is indicated if changes were made and the new work is distributed under the same license as the original.
Users are required to provide full bibliographic description of the original publication (authors, article title, journal title, volume, issue, pages), as well as its DOI code. In electronic publishing, users are also required to link the content with both the original article published in Pesticidi i fitomedicina (Pesticides and Phytomedicine) and the licence used.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.