Impact of storage conditions on seed germination and seedling growth of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) at different temperatures
Abstract
The influence of seed storage conditions and different temperatures (5˚C, 10˚C,
15˚C, 20˚C, 25˚C, 30˚C and 26˚C/21˚C) during germination and seedling development on seed germination, shoot length and germination rate of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) was examined. Germinated seeds were counted daily over a period of ten days and shoot length was measured on the last day, while germination rates were calculated from those measurements. The results showed that seed storage under controlled conditions (T1: temperature 24±1°C, humidity 40-50%; T2: temperature 26±1°C, humidity 70-80% and T3: temperature 4˚C) for periods of 3 (t1) and 12 (t2) months had a significant influence on germination of wild oat seeds. The percentage of germinated seeds under all examined temperatures was higher when they were stored for 12 months under controlled temperature and humidity. The results also showed that temperature had a significant effect on the percentage of germination and germination rate of A. fatua seeds. The highest total germination occurred at 15˚C temperature (T1: t1 - 41.25%, t2 - 44.37%; T2: t1 - 28.13%, t2 - 34.37%; T3: t1 - 10.63%, t2 - 12.50%). Germination percentage under an alternating day/night photoperiod at 26˚C/21˚C temperature was higher in all treatment variants (T1: t1 - 8.13%, t2 - 10.00%; T2: t1 - 11.87%, t2 - 13.13%; T3: t1 - 2.42%, t2 - 2.70%) than germination in the dark at 25˚C, 30˚C and 5˚C.
References
Armin, M. & Asghripour, M. (2011). Effect of plant density on wild oat competition with competitive and noncompetitive wheat cultivars. Agricultural Science in China, 10(10), 1554-1561.
Baskin, C.C. & Baskin, J.M. (1998): Seeds: Ecology, biogeography and evaluation of dormancy and germination. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Bekker, R.M., Bakker, J.P., Grandin, U., Kalamees, R., Milberg, P., Poschlod, P.... Willems, J.H. (1998). Seed size, shape and vertical distribution in the soil: indicators of seed longevity. Functional Ecology, 12(5), 834-842.
Benvenuti, S. (2007). Natural weed seed burial: effect of soil texture, rain and seed characteristics. Seed Science Research, 17(3), 211-219. doi:10.1017/S0960258507782752
Božić, D., Vrbničanin, S., Pavlović, D., Anđelković, A. & Sarić-Krsmanović, M. (2013). Uticaj različitih temperatura na klijanje semena Avena fatua L. i Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Zaštita bilja, 64(3), 154-161.
Callow, K.A., Derksen, D.A., Grant, C.A. & Van Acker, R.C. (1999). The impact of monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride on wild oat (Avena fatua L.) competition in zero-till spring wheat and flax. In 21st Annual Manitoba-North Dakota Zero Tillage Workshop (pp 57-59). Brandon, MB, Canada: Manitoba- North Dakota Zero-tillage Association.
Cousens, R. &. Mortimer, M.(1995). Dynamics of weed populations. New York, NY: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.
Davis, A.S. & Renner, K.A. (2007). Influence of seed depth and pathogens on fatal germination of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi). Weed
Science, 55, 30-35.
Fernandez-Quinantilla, C., Andujar, J.L.G. & Appleby, A.P. (1990). Characterization of the germination and emergence response to temperature and soil moisture of Avena fatua and A. sterilis. Weed Research, 30(4), 289-295. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1990.tb01715.x
Foley, M.E. (1992). Effects of soluble sugars and gibberellic acid in breaking dormancy of excised wild oat (Avena fatua) embryos. Weed Science, 40, 208-214.
Foley, M.E. (1994). Temperature and water status of seed affect afterripening in wild oat (Avena fatua L.). Weed Science, 42, 200-204.
Forcella, F. (1998). Real-time assessment of seed dormancy and seedling growth for weed management. Seed Science Research, 8(2), 201-209. doi:10.1017/S0960258500004116
Forcella, F., Benech-Arnold, R.L., Sanchez, R. & Ghersa, C.M. (2000). Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crops Research, 67, 123-139.
Forcella, F., Eradat-Oskui, K. & Wagner, S.W. (1993). Application of weed seedbank ecology to low-input crop management. Ecological Applications, 3, 74-83. doi:10.2307/1941793
Hilton, J.R. (1984). The influence of light and potassium nitrate on the dormancy and germination of Avena fatua L. (wild oat). Seed and its ecological significance. New Phytologist, 96(1), 31-34. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb03540.x
Holm, L.G., Plucknett, D.L., Pancho, J.V. & Herberger, J.P. (1991). The world’s worst weeds. Distribution and biology. Honolulu, HI, USA: University Press of Hawaii.
Khan, I., Hassan, G., Khan, M.I. & Gul, M. (2007). Effect of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) population and nitrogen level on some agronomic traits of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 31(2), 91-101.
Lajos, M., Lajos, K. & Reisinger, P. (2000). The effect of crop density on weed flora in winter wheat. Novenyvedelem, 36, 181-188.
Maguire, J. (1962). Speed of germination aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigour. Crop Science, 2, 176-177.
Pakeman, R.J., Small, J.L. & Torvell, L.(2012). Edaphic factors influence the longevity of seeds in the soil. Plant Ecology, 213, 57-65.
Ross, M.D. & van Acker, R.C. (2005). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and landscape position on wild oat (Avena fatua) interference in spring wheat. Weed Science, 53(6), 869-876.
Scursoni, J.A. & Satore, E.H. (2005). Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wild oat (Avena fatua) competition is affected by crop and weed density. Weed Technology, 19, 790-795.
Stougaard, R.N. & Xue, Q. (2004). Spring wheat seed size and seeding rate effects on yield loss due to wild oat (Avena fatua) interference. Weed Science, 52, 133-141.
Venable, D.L. & Brown, J.S. (1988). The selective interactions of dispersal, dormancy and seed size as adaptations for reducing risks in variable environments. American Naturalist, 131, 360-384.
Walia, U.S., Dhaliwal, K.B. & Brar, L.S. (1998). Competitive interaction between wheat and wild oat in relation to wild oat population density. In Conference towards Sustainable Development (pp 430–434). Chandigarh, India.
Westerman, P.R., Wes, J.S. Kropff, M.J. & van der Werf, W. (2003). Annual losses of weed seeds due to predation in organic cereal fields. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40(5), 824-836.
Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the non-exclusive right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media.
The published articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-SA). It is allowed to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and remix, transform, and build upon it for any purpose, even commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s), a link to the license is provided, it is indicated if changes were made and the new work is distributed under the same license as the original.
Users are required to provide full bibliographic description of the original publication (authors, article title, journal title, volume, issue, pages), as well as its DOI code. In electronic publishing, users are also required to link the content with both the original article published in Pesticidi i fitomedicina (Pesticides and Phytomedicine) and the licence used.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.