Poremećaji vidne funkcije i radna invalidnost oboljelih od dijabetesa i hipertenzije
Abstract
Dijabetes melitus i arterijska hipertenzija su hronične, masovne nezarazne bolesti koje su globalni zdravstveni problem sa karakteristikama epidemije, a očne komplikacije ovih bolesti su čest razlog oštećenja vidne funkcije i invaliditeta u radno produktivnoj populaciji.
Cilj: Primarni cilj rada je analiza učestalosti poremećaja funkcije vida i navika ponašanja kod oboljelih od dijabetesa i hipertenzije, a sekundarni cilj je bio da se istraži pojava radne invalidnosti kod pacijenata sa ovim oboljenjima.
Metode: Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao studija presjeka u dva Doma zdravlja u Gradu Istočno Sarajevo u periodu od jula 2018 g.do jula 2019 g.(12 mjeseci). Metodom slučajnog uzorka izabrano je 192 pacijenta sa dijabetesom i 100 pacijenata sa hipertenzijom. U tu svrhu kreiran je poseban upitnik, a statistička analiza je urađena u programu SPSS (IBM, Chicago verzija19). Statistička značajnost je ispitivana χ 2 testom.
Rezultati: Pacijenti sa dijabetesom prema subjektivnoj procjeni imaju značajno više smetnji vida od hipertoničara (χ2=14,21, p<0,001). Pogoršanje vidne funkcije je izraženije kod obljelih od dijabetesa nego kod hipertoničara (χ2 =16,17,p < 0,001). Nije nađena značajna razlika u navici pušenja (χ2 =1,778, p=0,411) i konzumaciji alkohola (χ2 = 2,158, p = 0,142). Ispitanici sa dijabetesom su češće u statusu radne invalidnosti nego oni sa hipertenzijom (χ2 = 13,46, p < 0,001).
Zaključak: Masovne, nezarazne bolesti su čest uzrok oštećenja vida, a dijabetes melitus je jedan od glavnih uzroka gubitka vidne funkcije u odrasloj populaciji sa područja Istočnog Sarajeva. Navike ponašanja poput pušenja i konzumiranja alkohola imaju ozbiljan uticaj na prognozu ovih pacijenata.
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