„UHVATI ME AKO MOŽEŠ”: OSVRT NA PROBLEM (NE)ODGOVORNOSTI TRANSNACIONALNIH KORPORACIJA ZBOG KRŠENJA LJUDSKIH PRAVA
Sažetak
Iako su se dokumentovani izveštaji o povredama ljudskih prava od strane transnacionalnih korporacija pojavili još sedamdesetih godina prošlog veka, ni ustavni nacionalni sistemi (izuzev npr. Irske i Južne Afrike) ni međunarodno javno pravo ne previđaju pravni lek koji bi obezbeđivao direktnu pravnu odgovornost transnacionalnih korporacija zbog povreda ljudskih prava, na način na koji zbog tih povreda odgovaraju države. Postojeća pravna praznina paradoksalnog je karaktera ako se ima u vidu da se transnacionalne korporacije pojavljuju kao kršioci ljudskih prava u istoj meri kao i države. Štaviše, neka prava garantovana Evropskom konvencijom za zaštitu ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda, pružaju zaštitu korporacijama isto kao i pojedincima, a isto dejstvo imaju i pojedina ustavna prava u SAD, Kanadi i Australiji (npr. pravo na mirno uživanje imovine, sloboda govora, pravo na pravično suđenje, zabrana diskriminacije). Polazeći od toga da su garancije ljudskih prava erga omnes karaktera, u čijoj je osnovi obaveza svih da ih poštuju i da se uzdrže od njihovog kršenja, ovaj rad ima za cilj da ukaže na postojanje i razloge te pravne praznine i ponudi polazne pretpostavke za njeno prevazilaženje.
Ključne reči: transnacionalne korporacije, ljudska prava, ustav, međunarodno pravo ljudskih prava, kodeksi ponašanja.
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